Directly linking

diameter and height increment models can cause feedback problems. Such a link can cause a reversion of observed dependencies of height:diameter ratios on density (Wonn and O’Hara, 2001). Furthermore, a bias in predicting height:diameter ratios can propagate into bias for volume increment predictions. For management applications, the threshold of 80:1 is an important measure of tree and stand stability. For spruce in Arnoldstein, almost all plots are correctly classified with regard to the 80:1 threshold by all four simulators. In contrast, many spruce plots in Litschau are incorrectly classified, which could lead to incorrect management decisions. learn more We thank the Austrian Science Fund for the financial support of this research under project number P18044-B06. We greatly appreciate the helpful suggestions of Otto Eckmüllner for this study. We are grateful to Markus Huber for review comments on previous versions of this manuscript. We would also like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their advice. “
“The authors regret that an error was found in the reference: Sebkova, B., Samonil, P., Valtera, M., Adam, D., Janik, D., 2012. Interaction between tree species populations and windthrow Buparlisib nmr dynamics in natural beech-dominated forest, Czech Republic.

For. Ecol. Manage. 280, 9–19. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused. “
“Clearcutting is a widespread forest

harvesting method (Sands, 2005), and has been criticized for causing negative environmental effects (McDermott et al., 2010). As a response to this, a new approach has been introduced during the last 25 years in, e.g. NW USA (Aubry et al., 2004), Canada (Work et al., 2003), Finland, Sweden and Norway (Gustafsson et al., 2010), Estonia (Lõhmus and Lõhmus, 2010), Tasmania (Baker and Read, 2011) and Argentina (Martínez Pastur et al., 2009). It is based on the long-term retention of structures and organisms, Orotidine 5′-phosphate decarboxylase such as live and dead trees, at the time of harvest to achieve a level of continuity in forest structure, composition and complexity that promotes biodiversity and sustains ecological functions (Gustafsson et al., 2012). The retention approach is based on the importance for production forestry to emulate patterns and processes from natural forest landscapes. One important function is to enrich structural diversity in the developing stand compared to conventional clearcutting, e.g. to increase the amount of old living trees and also dead wood (Franklin et al., 1997). Other specific aims include to “life-boat” species over the regeneration phase, to increase connectivity in the landscape, to promote species associated with dead and living trees in early successional stages, and to enhance ecosystem functions like herbivory, mycorrhizal processes and tree regeneration (Gustafsson et al., 2010).