0209 vs. COT; e P value = 0.0283 vs. GP. Discussion The present study highlights a significant selleck compound increase in the rate of maximum force production achieved by the Cr-supplemented group, confirming the ergogenic effect of Cr supplementation previously described [27–29]. However, no significant differences in body weight, lean body mass and arm muscle area were observed in the GC group after Cr supplementation and resistance training. These data suggest a specific effect of Cr supplementation associated with the type of periodization used. Creatine acts in the energy production process;

on that account, increase in strength observed in the GC group was most probably the result of improved ATP resynthesis efficiency leading to increased intramuscular ATP concentration [30], and not from muscle hypertrophy. These data suggest the applicability of Cr supplementation combined with resistance training in athletes of specific modalities (boxing, martial arts, tennis, soccer, etc.) that require power growth without increase in body weight. Follow-up and CP673451 evaluation of the athletes was conducted by a sports medicine doctor before, during, and after intervention. No clinical alterations or muscle injuries were observed in any subject of any group. In fact, many studies suggest that Cr supplementation within the recommended dosage regimens is not associated with any negative effects to healthy

subjects [2, 17, 31, 32]. However, in the last decade Cr supplementation has been surrounded by myths linked to several health disorders, particularly renal function. These concerns are related to plasma creatinine concentrations [33].

In the SBE-��-CD present study, mean plasma creatinine levels increased upon completion of the supplementation period; though not significantly, suggesting that renal function in these individuals remained satisfactory. The safety of Cr supplementation has been demonstrated in a number of studies over the years. For example, in a study with 20 men aged between 19 and 28 years (ingesting 20 g/day Cr for 5 days), Arnold et al. [34] observed that increased muscle glycogen was related to intracellular Cr levels, yet no side effects were detected. The present study aimed at verifying the effects of Cr supplementation over Vitamin B12 oxidative stress markers in healthy young male athletes. TBARS, a lipid peroxidation marker – and therefore oxidative stress – was assayed, as well as total antioxidant capacity, a method that measures the consumable antioxidant defenses of subjects. Moreover, considering that resistive exercise may impose situations of physiological ischemia to body tissues, followed by oxygen upload, ischemia-reperfusion syndrome (SIR) might occur and become an additional source of free radicals, so uric acid was assessed, since it is a byproduct of SIR. Conversely, TBARS levels were within normal limits for the three groups, which did not differ from each other.