Nonetheless, it is likely despite to be the group of patients of the most significant clinical interest.ConclusionsIn patients successfully resuscitated from CA, serum TRX levels measured during the first 3 days were higher in ICU non-survivors, and were dramatically greater in patients dying early from circulatory failure. Besides assessing severity and outcome, such a biomarker offers interesting perspectives in the comprehension and management of post-cardiac arrest syndrome.Key messages? Thioredoxin (TRX), a surrogate global marker of inflammation and oxidative stress, was largely increased during post-cardiac arrest syndrome.? The highest values were found in the most severe patients.? Cardiac arrest with cardiac etiology exhibited lower levels of TRX than in cases of extra-cardiac cause.

? Admission TRX levels were significantly correlated with other pertinent severity markers, like ‘low-flow’ duration, SOFA score, and arterial lactate concentration.? No correlation was found between TRX levels and admission arterial pO2, arguing against a potential role of hyperoxia after cardiac arrest.AbbreviationsAOPP: advanced oxidation protein products; AUC: area under the curve; CA: cardiac arrest; CRP: C-reactive protein; ICU: intensive care unit; kDa: kiloDaltons; MIF: migration inhibitory factor; MnSOD: manganese superoxide dismutase; PCT: procalcitonin; ROC: receiver-operated characteristic; SAPS II: Simplified Acute Physiology Score II; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; TRX: thioredoxin; TXNIP: TRX interacting protein.Competing interestsThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Authors’ contributionsNMo, DB and AC designed the study. NMo, VL and SP extracted the data. DB performed the biochemical analysis. VL performed the statistical analysis. ABG, SP, NMa, JC, FP, JDC and JPM contributed to the conduct of study and data analysis. NMo and AC wrote the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.AcknowledgementsWe are indebted to Timothy W Evans, MD FRCP, for critical reading of the manuscript.
Strong evidence supports the use of oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT) in primary and secondary prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism and in patients with prothrombotic factors such as atrial fibrillation and prosthetic heart valves [1,2]. An estimated 1 to 1.

5% of the western population has undergone OAT, including mainly vitamin K antagonists (VKA), following the publication of guidelines in favour of anticoagulation [3,4].However, AV-951 VKAs carry a significant risk of life-threatening haemorrhage including intracerebral and subdural haemorrhage. Thirty-day acute mortality for VKA-associated intracranial haemorrhage is high, ranging from 40 to 60% [5]. Most survivors are neurologically impaired and suffer from severe disability [6,7].