Less is known about the impact Of Subthreshold depression, and whether more symptoms center significantly greater risk compared to fewer symptoms.
Method. Using data from the Duke Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (EPESE) collected over 10 years, we used repeated-measures mixed models to predict functional change by depression status at the prior (index) in-person interview. Depressive symptoms were measured using a modified version of the Center for Epidermologic Dactolisib cost Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Subthreshold depression was operationalized as 6-8 symptoms and CES-D-defined depression as 9-20 symptoms in the previous week. Three domains of functional status were assessed at
the subsequent in-person interview: limitations in basic activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental ADL (IADL) and mobility.
Results. Controlling for race, sex, age, education, marital status, cognitive status, health status, self-perceived health, perceived social support and functional status at the index interview, having >= 6 depressive symptoms predicted an increase of 0.12 IADL limitations 3-4 years later (p=0.03). The incremental effect of CES-D-defined depression (>= 9 symptoms compared to 6-8 symptoms) was not significant, Suggesting that the effect of more symptomatic depression
did not add to that Of Subthreshold depression. CES-D score modeled as a Continuous variable predicted check details Ferrostatin-1 order functional change for all domains, but the relationship was not linear, Supporting a possible threshold effect.
Conclusions. The relationship between depressive symptoms and
functional change is complex, not necessarily linear, and may vary by tasks assessed.”
“Objective: The mechanism underlying ischemic preconditioning (IPC) protection against spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is unclear. We investigated the role of spinal cord autoregulation in tolerance to spinal cord I/R injury induced by IPC in a rat model.
Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups. IPC (P) group animals received IPC by temporary thoracic aortic occlusion (AO) with a 2F Fogarty arterial embolectomy catheter (Baxter Healthcare, Irvine, Calif) for 3 minutes. The I/R injury (I/R) group animals were treated with blood withdrawal and temporary AO for 12 minutes, and shed blood reinfusion at the end of the procedures. The P + I/R animals received IPC, followed by 5 minutes reperfusion, and then I/R procedures for 12 minutes. Sham (S) group animals received anesthesia and underwent surgical preparation, but without preconditioning or I/R injury. Neurologic function on postprocedure days 1, 3, 5, and 7 was evaluated by Tarlov scoring. Lumbar segments were harvested for histopathologic examination on day 7. To evaluate the role of autoregulation in IPC, spinal cord blood flow and tissue oxygenation were continuously monitored throughout the procedure duration.