The results demonstrate that BDNF does not affect cell motility per se but alters the phasic behavior

of cell movement by promoting periods of high motility in a defined subpopulation of cells which give a robust Ca2+ response to NMDA and GABA. (C) 2012 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“This article reviews evidence from studies employing colchicine-induced granule cell loss in the adult rat brain, and irradiation-induced Elacridar chemical structure hypoplasia of the neonatal dentate gyrus, on the performance of spatial and non-spatial behavioral tasks. The general picture emerging from this analysis reveals that the dentate gyrus granule cells are critically involved in spatial behavior, particularly when this requires the adoption of place strategies. This notion also provides an explanation for the behavioral effects of dentate gyrus granule cell loss seen in apparently non-spatial tasks. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Endemic (Balkan) nephropathy is a chronic tubulointerstitial disease frequently accompanied by urothelial cell carcinomas of the

upper urinary tract. This disorder has recently been linked to exposure to aristolochic acid, a powerful nephrotoxin and human carcinogen. Following metabolic activation, aristolochic acid reacts with genomic DNA to form aristolactam-DNA adducts that generate a unique TP53 mutational spectrum in the urothelium. The aristolactam-DNA adducts are concentrated in the renal cortex, thus serving as biomarkers of internal exposure to aristolochic acid. Here, we present molecular Fedratinib datasheet epidemiologic evidence relating carcinomas of the upper urinary tract to dietary exposure to aristolochic acid. DNA was extracted buy MK-8931 from the renal cortex and urothelial tumor tissue of 67 patients that underwent nephroureterectomy for carcinomas of the upper urinary tract and resided in regions of known endemic nephropathy. Ten patients from nonendemic regions with carcinomas of the upper urinary tract served as controls. Aristolactam-DNA adducts were quantified by P-32-postlabeling, the adduct was confirmed by mass spectrometry, and TP53 mutations

in tumor tissues were identified by chip sequencing. Adducts were present in 70% of the endemic cohort and in 94% of patients with specific A: T to T: A mutations in TP53. In contrast, neither aristolactam-DNA adducts nor specific mutations were detected in tissues of patients residing in nonendemic regions. Thus, in genetically susceptible individuals, dietary exposure to aristolochic acid is causally related to endemic nephropathy and carcinomas of the upper urinary tract. Kidney International (2012) 81, 559-567; doi: 10.1038/ki.2011.371; published online 9 November 2011″
“Activation of neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptors in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) can facilitate pain transmission in conditions such as inflammation, and thereby contribute to hyperalgesia.