The chemistry changes in the outermost layers of the deposited coating have been investigated with

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The different processes that take part as a consequence of the interaction between the plasma gas species and the PP film surface mainly drive to the deposition of an organic find protocol layer, which is functionalized with oxygen-based species as XPS study reveals. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 111: 2992-2997, 2009″
“With the assistance of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma, selective catalytic reduction of NOx by ethanol over Ag/Al2O3 catalysts was studied. Experimental results show that NOx conversion was greatly enhanced due to the presence of DBD plasma at lower temperature. By varying the DBD voltages

or power in 13 kHz frequency at different temperatures, NOx conversion was increased to 40.7% from 6.4% at 176 degrees C, even to 66.8% from 17.3% at 200 degrees C. NOx conversion could even be improved to 90% at temperature above 255 degrees C. It was proposed that nonthermal plasma generated by dielectric barrier discharge reactor was very effective for oxidizing NO to NO2 under excess O-2 conditions, which possesses high reactivity with C2H5OH to yield CxHyNzO compound. By reacting with CxHyNzO compound and oxygen, NOx is converted to N-2 at low temperatures.”
“The behavior of sulfonated MLN8237 poly(ether ether ketone) (sPEEK) membranes in ethanol-water systems was studied for possible application in direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs). RepSox Polymer membranes with different degrees of sulfonation were tested by means of uptake, swelling, and ethanol transport with dynamic measurements (liquid-liquid and liquid-gas systems). Ethanol

permeability was determined in an liquid-liquid diffusion cell. For membranes with an ion-exchange capacity (IEC) between 1.15 and 1.75 mmol/g, the ethanol permeability varied between 5 x 10(-8) and 1 x 10(-6) cm(2)/s, being dependent on the measuring temperature. Ethanol and water transport in liquid-gas systems was tested with pervaporation as a function of IEC and temperature. Higher IEC accounted for higher fluxes and lower water/ethanol selectivity. The temperature had a large effect on the fluxes, but the selectivity remained constant. Further-more, the membranes were characterized with proton conductivity measurements. The proton diffusion coefficient was calculated, and a transition in the proton transfer mechanism was found at a water number of 12. Membranes with high IEC (>1.6 mmol/g) exhibited larger proton diffusion coefficients in ethanol-water systems than in water systems. The membrane with the lowest IEC exhibited the best proton transport to ethanol permeability selectivity.