2.1. Microwave-Based Approach: ExperimentalAll measurements were conducted in a lab test bench for catalysts. Figure 1 shows the setup schematically. The barium-based LNT device was mounted in a stainless steel housing. The dimensions of the LNT device were 118 mm �� 124 mm (diameter �� length). EPZ-5676 order The housing was flange-connected Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries with two cones to the gas feed (synthetic exhaust gas) and to the vent. Upstream and downstream of the LNT, wideband ��-probes (UEGO sensor, for details see [27]), and thermocouples (type K) were mounted in the catalyst housing as shown in Figure 1. The UEGO sensors measure the normalized air-to-fuel ratio �� in a wide range.Figure 1.Schematic test setup for the microwave-based measurements.The steel canning of the LNT acts as a cylindrical electromagnetic waveguide.
A short stub antenna serving as a microwave probe feed (as described in [28]) was also installed. The resulting microwave one-port element was connected with an automatic vector network analyzer by coaxial lines. To obtain a precisely Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries defined cylindrical cavity resonator,
Efficient storage of farm produce has been a priority ever since the invention of farming. In modern day farming a lot of effort is expended to ensure proper storage conditions for the biological products. This is important as improper storage can lead to substantial losses without it being easily detectable for a human before and sometimes even after the damage is done [1]. While some options exist to sample the biomass during storage they often rely on very few samples to be representative for the entire storage [2].
Given the size of biomass storages this practice is less than optimal in many cases.The wireless sensor networks (WSN) technology has great potential to change how and what can be monitored in not only agriculture but also numerous other fields. WSN have been studied in a variety of Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries scenarios over recent years, but only a few studies have worked with monitoring stored biomass [3]. Among the few are [4] where a Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries method for deploying a WSN in a fodder storage is described, see Figure 1, and [5] where a wireless Brefeldin_A sensor system was deployed in a silage storage (fermented grass) to monitor the quality development over time. A sensor unit (nRF9E5) consisting of a microcontroller, radio, A/D converter, antenna circuit, power unit (battery), temperature sensor, and relative humidity sensor, see Figure 2, was used in the article.Figure 1.The illustration shows the sensor units embedded in a stack of silage, where A is the wireless sensor units, B is the fermented grass, C is the cover of the stack, www.selleckchem.com/products/crenolanib-cp-868596.html and D is the transceiver box [4].Figure 2.The designed sensor unit.