, 2008). Similarly, depressive Olaparib FDA symptoms may explain previously noted anxiety sensitivity�Cearly lapse and �Crelapse effects. There is a sizeable empirical literature on depressive symptoms and disorders and difficulties with smoking cessation (e.g., Breslau, Novak, & Kessler, 2004; Covey, Bomback, & Yan, 2006; Hitsman, Borrelli, McChargue, Spring, & Niaura, 2003). Although history of major depressive disorder is not a significant risk factor for poor cessation outcome in the majority of available studies (Hitsman et al., 2003), depressive symptoms prior to smoking cessation treatment, as well as increases in such symptoms during treatment, have been reliable predictors of relapse (Burgess et al., 2002; Covey, Glassman, & Stetner, 1990; Kahler et al., 2002; Zelman, Brandon, Jorenby, & Baker, 1992).

Moreover, anxiety sensitivity is related to depressive symptoms and disorders (Cox, Borger, & Enns, 1999; Otto, Pollack, Fava, Uccello, & Rosenbaum, 1995; Schmidt et al., 2006), albeit to a lesser extent than to anxiety symptoms and psychopathology (Schmidt, Lerew, & Joiner, 1998). The present investigation examined the relations of anxiety sensitivity to duration of time to lapse and time to relapse during the first 2 weeks of a quit attempt among daily smokers receiving smoking cessation treatment. Since persons with higher levels of anxiety sensitivity should theoretically be more vulnerable to lapsing earlier in their quit attempt (Zvolensky & Bernstein, 2005), we hypothesized that higher levels of anxiety sensitivity would be associated with shorter time to first smoking lapse (i.

e., defined as smoking any amount following the quit day; Shiffman et al., 1996) at three distinct measurement timepoints (day 1, day 7, and day 14) during the first 2 weeks of a quit attempt. Moreover, as an extension of past work (Brown et al., 2001), we hypothesized that such effects would be unique from variance explained by gender, nicotine dependence, and nicotine withdrawal symptoms (quit day) as well as shared variance with anxiety and depressive symptoms. Following similar logic, we hypothesized that anxiety sensitivity would be associated with shorter duration of time to smoking relapse (i.e., defined as smoking any amount for at least seven consecutive days following the quit day; Ossip-Klein et al., 1986).

This hypothesis was driven by the idea that, to the extent that higher levels of anxiety sensitivity are related to early lapse, those prone to such lapses in the absence of more adaptive coping strategies may be less apt to ��recover�� and may therefore experience a full relapse to smoking. Methods Participants Participants included 123 daily cigarette smokers (84 women; Mage=45.93 years, SD=10.34) living in the Halifax Regional Municipality Drug_discovery in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.