After nine days of inpatient admission (comparable to our usual average of three days), the family was

discharged home. When seen one week later on the outpatient clinic, the parents were coping better with the diagnosis. The diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children places a huge psychological and emotional burden on the family. The diabetes-related stress of this mother can be associated with psychological distress and family conflict.1 Discomfort, 3-MA price anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress symptoms can occur in mothers of children with type 1 diabetes.2,3 Interfering with traditional feeding patterns and activities can cause a lot of stress and family conflict. Needle fear and catastrophising pain by both patients and parents remain a major dilemma in the field of paediatric diabetes.4 Socio-demographic considerations

play a major role in the delivery MG-132 clinical trial for care of type 1 diabetes in youth.5 Culturally dictated lifestyles of the family may determine response to ‘scientific’ recommendations. It is well known that the delivery of diabetes care can be more efficient in ethnic minority groups when culturally competent interventions are utilised.6 Many studies have shown that the immigrant status of children can be a risk factor in the timing and diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children7 as well as the progress of the development of complications of the disease.8 Understanding cultural, educational and economic factors of Amino acid immigrant and ethnic minority children with type 1 diabetes in any society is very crucial to improve their metabolic outcome.9 Proper diabetes education programmes and materials should be used when dealing with any family from an ethnic minority group with type 1 diabetes children. Respect for language barriers, strong different cultures

and health beliefs should be always exercised.10 Finally, the religious beliefs of the family should be respected as long as they do not seem to pose an imminent danger to the life of the child with type 1 diabetes. There are a few case reports of children with type 1 diabetes who have died at home while parents did not perform expected therapy because of their religious beliefs. Health care providers need to be observant of warning signs of dangerous beliefs that may result in the death of a diabetic child while parents are praying for a cure.11 Ethnic minorities and immigrant families may pose some challenges when it comes to dealing with type 1 diabetes in their children. Cultural differences, religious beliefs and unreasonable expectations from their new western society may interfere with the delivery of diabetes education and prolonged hospital stay. Fear, mistrust, and financial and social stresses should be also addressed.