Contrib Nephrol 2010, 167:14–24.PubMedCrossRef selleckchem 8. Raetz CRH, Whitfield C: Lipopolysaccharide endotoxins. Annu Rev Biochem 2002, 71:635–700.PubMedCrossRef 9. Streinstraesser L, Kranenburg UM, Hirsch T, et al.: Host defense peptides as effector molecules of the innate immune response: a sledgehammer for drug resistance? Int J Mol Sci 2009, 10:3951–3970.CrossRef 10. Focà A, Matera G, Berlinghieri MC, et al.: Teicoplanin reduces in vitro reactivity and
murine lethality of Salmonella minnesota R595 lipopolysaccharide. J Antimicrob Chemother 1992, 29:443–446.PubMedCrossRef 11. Matera G, Cook JA, Geisel J, et al.: Effects of two magainin peptides on eicosanoid release from rat peritoneal macrophages. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993, 37:393–397.PubMedCrossRef 12. Bhor VM, Thomas CJ, Surolia N, et al.: Polymyxin B: an ode to an old antidote for endotoxic shock.
Mol Biosyst 2005, 1:213–222.PubMedCrossRef 13. Gutsmann T, Howe J, Zähringer U, et al.: Structural prerequisites for endotoxic activity in the Limulus test as compared to cytokine production in mononuclear cells. Innate Immun 2010,16(1):39–47.PubMedCrossRef 14. Japelj B, Pristovsek P, Majerle A, et al.: Structural origin of endotoxin neutralization and antimicrobial activity of a lactoferrin-based peptide. J Biol Chem 2005,280(17):16955–16961.PubMedCrossRef 15. Bhattacharjya S: De novo designed lipopolysaccharide binding peptides: structure based development of antiendotoxic RXDX-101 mw and antimicrobial drugs. Curr Med Che 2010, 17:3080–3093.CrossRef 16. Dings RPM, Haseman JR, Mayo KH: Probing structure relationships
in bactericidal peptide βpep-25. Biochem J 2008, 414:143–150.PubMedCrossRef 17. Matera G, Liberto MC, Berlinghieri MC, et al.: Biological effects of Veilonella parvula and Bacteroides intermedius lipopolysaccharides. Microbiologica 1991, 14:315–323.PubMed 18. Miller KA, Suresh Kumar EVK, Wood SJ, et al.: Lipopolysaccharide sequestrants: structural correlates of activity and toxicity in novel acylhomospermines. J Med Chem 2005,48(7):2589–2599.PubMedCrossRef 19. Rittirsch D, see more Flieri MA, Ward PA: Harmful molecular mechanism in sepsis. Nat Rev Immunol 2008, 8:776–787.PubMedCrossRef 20. Monneret G, Venet F, Pachot A, et al.: Monitoring dysfunctions Tau-protein kinase in the septic patient. A new skin for the old ceremony. Mol Med 2008, 14:64–78.PubMedCrossRef 21. Hoffmann G, Schobersberger W: Letter to the editor. Cytokine 2001, 4:127.CrossRef 22. Nylen ES, Whang KT, Snider RH, et al.: Mortality is increased by procalcitonin and decreased by an antiserum reactive to procalcitonin in experimental sepsis. Crit Care Med 1998, 26:1001–1006.PubMedCrossRef 23. Liappis AP, Gibbs KW, Nylen ES, et al.: Exogenous procalcitonin evokes a pro-inflammatory cytokine response. Inflamm Res 2011, 60:203–207.PubMedCrossRef 24. Oberholzen A, Oberholzen C, Moldawer LL: Interleukin 10 a complex role in the pathogenesis of sepsis syndrome and its potential as an anti-inflammatory drug.