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“In contrast to mammals, in teleost fish radial Acalabrutinib order glia persist beyond early development. This persistence parallels the enormous potential of teleosts to continuously generate a large number of new neurons in dozens of specific proliferation zones in the adult brain. In the present study, we characterized in the teleost fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus the immunological properties of radial glia in the corpus cerebelli-a cerebellar subdivision with particularly high proliferative activity-and examined their possible function in the guidance of migrating

young neurons. Radial glia stained immunopositive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin, and in most cases the two intermediate filament proteins co-localized. GFAP immunolabeling combined with immunohistochemistry against the mitotic marker 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) revealed an abundance of elongated BrdU-labeled nuclei closely apposed to, or localized within, GFAP-immunoreactive radial glia. The association of BrdU-labeled nuclei and GFAP-immunoreactive

radial glial fibers was particularly pronounced 2 days after BrdU administration, when the migratory activity of the young cells is highest. When the new cells reach the granular layer, they start expressing the neuronal marker protein Hu C/D, but continue their close association with radial glial fibers. These results suggest the role of radial glia in the guidance of migrating adult-born neurons in the teleostean cerebellum. This function appears to be mediated both by somal translocation and by a glial-guided mode of locomotion. (c) 2012

IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All AZD4547 mouse rights reserved.”
“Mutations in DNA replication initiator PI3K inhibitor genes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes lead to a pleiotropic array of phenotypes, including defects in chromosome segregation, cytokinesis, cell cycle regulation and gene expression. For years, it was not clear whether these diverse effects were indirect consequences of perturbed DNA replication, or whether they indicated that DNA replication initiator proteins had roles beyond their activity in initiating DNA synthesis. Recent work from a range of organisms has demonstrated that DNA replication initiator proteins play direct roles in many cellular processes, often functioning to coordinate the initiation of DNA replication with essential cell-cycle activities. The aim of this review is to highlight these new findings, focusing on the pathways and mechanisms utilized by DNA replication initiator proteins to carry out a diverse array of cellular functions.”
“Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP, also known as amylin) is the major protein component of pancreatic amyloid fibers in type II diabetes and is normally cosecreted with insulin from the beta-cells of the pancreas. IAPP forms amyloid fibrils rapidly at concentrations well below those found in vivo, yet progression of type II diabetes occurs over many years.