None of the clips contained sexual, profane, or violent content. Because of concerns we had with adolescents viewing all the smoking clips at once (i.e., massed exposure to 32 smoking movie clips in a single session), four exposure conditions were created. Each exposure condition contained a unique mix of eight smoking and eight non�Csmoking selleck chemical Ganetespib clips, and the clips could originate from any of the motive categories. Smoking clips and non�Csmoking clips were presented in random alternating orders within condition (i.e., smoking clip��non�Csmoking clip��smoking clip, etc). Participants completed the study in small groups (informed consent was obtained from participants�� parents), and different groups were randomly assigned to one of the four exposure conditions. Participants first completed baseline measures (e.

g., smoking attitudes, perceived smoking risk, self-efficacy, and prior exposure to movie smoking) and then were exposed to their assigned movie clips. After exposure to each clip, participants completed several measures (measures were completed after each clip exposure individually; see below). Finally, participants were debriefed; given a 45-min interactive media literacy intervention on cigarette advertising and movie smoking to help them understand, analyze, and criticize those media messages, with the goal of buffering any potentially harmful effects of clip exposure (see Brown, 2006; Primack, Gold, Land, & Fine, 2006); and compensated with $25. Dependent measure Postclip exposure desire to smoke was assessed after exposure to each movie clip with the following question, ��How much did this clip make you want to smoke?�� (1 = not at all and 10 = a lot).

This question has been shown to be responsive to adolescents�� responses to cigarette print advertising in other studies (Shadel, Tharp-Taylor, & Fryer, 2008, 2009). Other postexposure measures In order to potentially control for variables identified in other research as important to adolescents�� responses to advertising (see Moore & Lutz, 2000), several other measures were given after exposure to each movie clip: (a) ��How did this movie clip make you feel?�� (1 = very sad to 10 = very happy), (b) ��How interesting was this movie clip?�� (1 = not at all interesting to 10 = very interesting), (c) ��How much did this movie clip make you think?�� (1 = not at all to 10 = a lot), (d) ��How much did you like this movie clip?�� (1 = not at all to 10 = a lot), (e) ��How realistic was this movie clip?�� (1 = not at all to 10 = a lot), and (f) ��How much would you like to see the whole movie that this clip was taken from?�� (1 = not at all to 10 = a lot).

Participants were also asked whether the clip they just viewed contained smoking (no and yes) and, if yes, whether the actors were smoking to help them: (a) relax, (b) socialize with other people, (c) look like a rebel, or (d) none of the Carfilzomib above.