Participant characteristics We reported on participant characteri

Participant characteristics We reported on participant characteristics in our prior paper (Peters et al., 2007). Our participants were mostly female, White, middle-aged, high school graduates, not married, www.selleckchem.com/products/17-AAG(Geldanamycin).html and not employed full time. They smoked about a pack of CPD on average, had a mean FTND score at the threshold of defining dependence (Mikami et al., 1999), and started smoking cigarettes during late adolescence. Our participants were similar to smokers in the 2000 National Health Interview Survey (Hughes, 2004) in terms of race (76% vs. 78% White), CPD (20 vs. 18 CPD), and age of onset of smoking (17.8 vs. 17.7 years) but appeared to be slightly older (47 vs. 41 years), more likely to be female (59% vs. 47%), and more likely to be high school graduates or of higher education (92% vs.

77%). Due to the use of different recruitment cities for different advertisements, the groups varied on race (p < .01) and marital status (p = .01). Analyses using these two variables as covariates did not change results. For simplicity, we present only the unadjusted analyses. Example outcomes Figure 1 uses the data from those whose initial goal was to quit abruptly to illustrate outcomes for individual participants. The top panel illustrates intention outcomes, and the bottom panel represents actual smoking outcomes. Those participants who intended to change the most are placed at the top of the first panel, and the second panel reflects the same order of participants. Figure 1. Panel 1: Intention outcomes for individual participants with an initial goal to quit abruptly.

Panel 2: Smoking outcomes for individual participants with an initial goal to quit abruptly. Abstinence is represented by thick diagonal crosshatches, reduction … The most commonly described pattern in the cessation literature is that a smoker decides to not change his smoking and smokes the same number of cigarettes for multiple days, followed by an intention to quit, then an attempt to not smoke any cigarettes for several days, and then relapses back to his usual number of CPD. Very few participants showed this pattern: only three (8%) participants (no. 3, 4, and 12) did so for daily intentions and only four (11%) participants (no. 3, 4, 10, and 11) did so for actual smoking behavior. In contrast, the resultant pattern for many smokers was one of multiple transitions among abstinence, reduction, and no change in smoking. For example, participant no. 7 did not change for 5 days, abstained for 2 days, returned to usual smoking for 3 days, abstained for 2 days, returned to usual smoking for 2 days, vacillated between abstinence Anacetrapib and reduction eight times in 12 days, and then returned to usual smoking for 2 days.

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