Within this period of transition, secondary flow's contribution to the frictional mechanics is comparatively small. The attainment of efficient mixing, characterized by low drag and a low, yet non-zero, Reynolds number, is anticipated to hold substantial interest. The theme issue on Taylor-Couette and related flows, in its second part, includes this article, commemorating the centennial of Taylor's Philosophical Transactions paper.

Noise is incorporated into numerical simulations and experiments on axisymmetric, wide-gap spherical Couette flow. Important insights are gleaned from such studies, as the majority of natural flows are subject to random variations. The flow's noise is a product of randomly fluctuating rotations, in time, of the inner sphere having a zero average. Flows of viscous, incompressible fluids are a result of either the rotation of only the interior sphere, or of both spheres rotating together. Mean flow generation was observed as a consequence of the presence of additive noise. Certain conditions led to a noticeably greater relative amplification of meridional kinetic energy, in relation to the azimuthal component. The accuracy of the calculated flow velocities was confirmed by laser Doppler anemometer measurements. An explanatory model is devised for the quick augmentation of meridional kinetic energy in flows arising from modifications to the co-rotation of the spheres. The linear stability analysis of the flows generated by the inner sphere's rotation unveiled a reduction in the critical Reynolds number, coinciding with the start of the first instability. Observing the mean flow generation, a local minimum emerged as the Reynolds number approached the critical threshold, thus corroborating theoretical projections. Celebrating the centennial of Taylor's seminal Philosophical Transactions paper, this article is part of the 'Taylor-Couette and related flows' theme issue's second section.

A concise review of Taylor-Couette flow is presented, drawing from both experimental and theoretical work with astrophysical inspirations. Interest flow rotation rates vary differentially, with the inner cylinder rotating more quickly than the outer, resulting in linear stability against Rayleigh's inviscid centrifugal instability. At shear Reynolds numbers reaching [Formula see text], the hydrodynamic flows of this quasi-Keplerian type demonstrate nonlinear stability; no turbulence is observed that cannot be attributed to interactions with the axial boundaries, rather than the inherent radial shear. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose cost Direct numerical simulations, although they acknowledge the agreement, remain incapable of attaining such elevated Reynolds numbers. Radial shear-driven turbulence in accretion disks does not appear to derive solely from hydrodynamic mechanisms. Theory suggests the existence of linear magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities, including the standard magnetorotational instability (SMRI), specifically within astrophysical discs. The low magnetic Prandtl numbers of liquid metals pose a challenge to MHD Taylor-Couette experiments designed for SMRI applications. High fluid Reynolds numbers are critical; equally important is the careful control of axial boundaries. The ongoing efforts in the field of laboratory SMRI research have led to the identification of some intriguing non-inductive analogs of SMRI, and the successful implementation of SMRI utilizing conducting axial boundaries, as recently reported. A thorough investigation into critical astrophysical inquiries and anticipated future opportunities, especially in their potential intersections, is undertaken. The 'Taylor-Couette and related flows' theme issue, comprising part 2, which commemorates the centennial of Taylor's Philosophical Transactions paper, includes this article.

The chemical engineering implications of Taylor-Couette flow's thermo-fluid dynamics, with an axial temperature gradient, were examined experimentally and numerically in this study. The experiments used a Taylor-Couette apparatus, the jacket of which was divided into two vertical segments. Flow visualization and temperature data for glycerol solutions of variable concentrations demonstrated six flow modes: Case I – heat convection dominant, Case II – alternating heat convection and Taylor vortex flow, Case III – Taylor vortex dominant, Case IV – fluctuating Taylor cell structure, Case V – separation of Couette and Taylor vortex flows, and Case VI – upward motion. These flow modes were depicted in terms of the Reynolds and Grashof numbers' values. Cases II, IV, V, and VI represent transitional flow patterns between Case I and Case III, their characterization contingent on the concentration levels. Heat transfer in Case II, according to numerical simulations, was improved by the introduction of heat convection into the Taylor-Couette flow. Subsequently, the average Nusselt number achieved with the alternative flow exceeded that observed with the stable Taylor vortex flow. Accordingly, the synergy between heat convection and Taylor-Couette flow is a compelling approach for improving heat transfer. This article is included in the 'Taylor-Couette and related flows' centennial theme issue, part 2, and honours the centennial of Taylor's pivotal work in Philosophical Transactions.

Our approach utilizes direct numerical simulation to model the Taylor-Couette flow within a dilute polymer solution, focusing on moderate system curvature and the rotational motion of only the inner cylinder. This particular configuration is elaborated in [Formula see text]. The finitely extensible nonlinear elastic-Peterlin closure provides a model for polymer dynamics. Simulations uncovered a novel elasto-inertial rotating wave, featuring polymer stretch field structures shaped like arrows, oriented parallel to the streamwise direction. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose cost The rotating wave pattern is completely described, and the influence of the dimensionless Reynolds and Weissenberg numbers is investigated. Newly identified within this study are diverse flow states showcasing arrow-shaped structures in tandem with other structural forms, a summary of which follows. The 'Taylor-Couette and related flows' theme issue, part 2, features this article, commemorating a century since Taylor's landmark Philosophical Transactions paper.

Taylor's 1923 paper, appearing in the Philosophical Transactions, offered profound insights into the stability of the flow pattern now termed Taylor-Couette flow. Taylor's seminal linear stability analysis of fluid flow between rotating cylinders, published a century ago, has profoundly shaped the field of fluid mechanics. The paper's significant influence is seen in its effect on general rotating flows, geophysical flows, and astrophysical flows, with its importance reinforced by its role in establishing and popularizing several basic fluid mechanics principles. Spanning two parts, this collection integrates review articles and research papers, exploring a wide scope of cutting-edge research areas, firmly based on Taylor's pioneering study. 'Taylor-Couette and related flows on the centennial of Taylor's seminal Philosophical Transactions paper (Part 2)' is the theme of this featured article.

Generations of researchers have been inspired by G. I. Taylor's 1923 study, which profoundly explored and characterized Taylor-Couette flow instabilities and provided a foundation for the investigation of complicated fluid systems requiring a precisely regulated hydrodynamic environment. In this study, the technique of TC flow combined with radial fluid injection is applied to the analysis of the mixing dynamics of complex oil-in-water emulsions. An annulus, bounded by the rotating inner and outer cylinders, receives a radial injection of concentrated emulsion that mimics oily bilgewater, and subsequently disperses within the flow. We evaluate the resultant mixing dynamics, and precisely calculate the effective intermixing coefficients via the observed alteration in light reflection intensity from emulsion droplets situated within fresh and saline water. The impacts on emulsion stability from flow field and mixing conditions are tracked by examining variations in droplet size distribution (DSD); the application of emulsified droplets as tracer particles is further studied concerning modifications to the dispersive Peclet, capillary, and Weber numbers. Water treatment processes for oily wastewater are observed to benefit from the formation of larger droplets, resulting in a droplet size distribution (DSD) that is adaptable to the salt concentration, the length of observation, and the mixing flow pattern in the test chamber. Within the special issue 'Taylor-Couette and related flows on the centennial of Taylor's seminal Philosophical Transactions paper,' (Part 2), this article is featured.

This study reports the creation of an ICF-based tinnitus inventory (ICF-TINI) to evaluate how tinnitus affects an individual's functions, activities, and participation, guided by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health framework. Subjects, and.
A cross-sectional study leveraged the ICF-TINI, a tool comprising 15 items stemming from the body function and activity components of the ICF framework. We surveyed 137 individuals who experience chronic tinnitus for our research. Validation of the two-structure framework (body function, activities, and participation) was achieved via confirmatory factor analysis. Fit criteria for chi-square (df), root mean square error of approximation, comparative fit index, incremental fit index, and Tucker-Lewis index were used to assess the model's fit, according to the suggested values. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose cost The internal consistency reliability was ascertained employing Cronbach's alpha method.
The ICF-TINI's presence of two structures was validated by fit indices, with factor loading values further establishing each item's satisfactory fit. The ICF's internal TINI consistently performed, showcasing a high level of reliability, measured at 0.93.
A reliable and valid instrument, the ICFTINI, measures the effect of tinnitus on an individual's physical capacities, activities, and participation in social contexts.