STIV was determined to be a lytic

virus, causing cell disruption beginning at 30 hpi. Prior to cell lysis, virus infection resulted in the formation of pyramid-like projections from the cell surface. These learn more projections, which have not been documented in any other host-virus system, appeared to be caused by the protrusion of the cell membrane beyond the bordering S-layer. These structures are thought to be sites at which progeny virus particles are released from infected cells. Based on these observations of lysis, a plaque assay was developed for STIV. From these studies we propose an overall assembly model for STIV.”
“Background\n\nHighly effective contraception is essential to reduce unintended pregnancies and the effect these have on individuals, society and public health resources. Intrauterine devices (IUDs) and depot progestogens are two commonly used long-acting, reversible contraceptive methods with different risk and benefit profiles.\n\nObjectives\n\nTo compare the contraceptive and non-contraceptive benefits and risks of using the copper-containing IUD versus depot progestogens for contraception.\n\nSearch strategy\n\nIn June 2009 we searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Pubmed, Popline, Clinical Trials.gov, the Current Controlled FDA-approved Drug Library ic50 Trials metaRegister, EMBASE and LILACS, and contacted study authors.\n\nSelection

criteria\n\nRandomized trials comparing women using copper-containing IUDs with women using depot progestogens.\n\nData collection and analysis\n\nWe assessed eligibility and trialw quality, extracted and double-entered data.\n\nMain results\n\nTwo studies were included in the review. In the one study in HIV infected women,

the IUD was compared with depot progestogen or the oral contraceptive, according to the women’s choice. As the majority of women chose depot progestogen, we have included this study in the review, within a mixed hormonal contraception sub-group. Overall, the copper IUD was more effective than depot progestogens/hormonal contraception at preventing pregnancy (risk Daporinad ratio (RR) 0.45; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.24 to 0.84). HIV disease progression was reduced in the IUD group (RR 0.58; 95% CI 0.39 to 0.87). There was no significant difference in pelvic inflammatory disease rates between the two groups. Discontinuation of the allocated method was less frequent with the IUD in one study, and less frequent with hormonal contraception in the other study (in which women were allowed to switch between various hormonal methods).\n\nAuthors’ conclusions\n\nIn the populations studied, the IUD was more effective than hormonal contraception with respect to pregnancy prevention. High quality research is urgently needed to compare the effects, if any, of these two commonly used contraception methods on HIV acquisition/seroconversion and HIV/AIDS disease progression.