Study limitations It should

be acknowledged that the find

Study limitations It should

be acknowledged that the findings of this study may be limited to aerobic Gemcitabine cost exercise, since different types of exercise (e.g., aerobic and resistance exercise) elicit unique molecular responses, and the effects of ROS in BIIB057 cell line muscle may vary depending on the type of exercise involved [49]. Furthermore, markers of oxidative stress were only slightly increased after exercise in both groups, which does not allow a comparison of the effects of curcumin versus placebo. The failure to observe differences in tissue markers of sarcolemmal disruption and inflammatory response between the two groups of volunteers might be due the small number of muscle samples available for analysis. Previous positive studies on curcumin supplementation for chronic musculoskeletal conditions like osteoarthritis [22, 56] involved longer treatments (3–8 months), and it might therefore be that supplementation in this study was too short to produce statistically significant histological benefits over placebo. Conclusions Taken together, our observations suggest that curcumin may be beneficial to attenuate exercise-induced DOMS, and larger studies could provide statistical significance also for the functional and biochemical parameters that only showed a trend to improvement in our study, like the histological evaluation of muscle damage. Acknowledgements Prof. Martino

Recchia (Medistat s.a.s.) is acknowledged selleck kinase inhibitor for statistical analysis. Editorial assistance for the preparation of this manuscript was provided by Luca Giacomelli, PhD; this assistance was funded by Indena. Vildagliptin References 1. Armstrong RB: Initial events in exercise-induced muscular injury. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1990, 22:429–435.PubMedCrossRef 2. Francis KT, Hoobler T: Effects of aspirin on delayed muscle soreness. J sports Med Physical Fitness 1987, 27:333–337. 3. Beck TW, Housh TJ, Johnson GO, Schmidt RJ, Housh DJ, Coburn JW, Malek MH, Mielke M: Effects of a protease supplement on eccentric exercise-induced markers of delayed-onset muscle soreness and muscle damage. J Strength Cond Res/National

Strength & Conditioning Association 2007, 21:661–667. 4. Cockburn E, Hayes PR, French DN, Stevenson E: St Clair Gibson A: Acute milk-based protein-CHO supplementation attenuates exercise-induced muscle damage. Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = . Physiol Appl Nutr Metab 2008, 33:775–783.CrossRef 5. Dudley GA: Muscle pain prophylaxis. Inflammopharmacology 1999, 7:249–253.PubMedCrossRef 6. Gulick DT, Kimura IF, Sitler M, Paolone A, Kelly JD: Various treatment techniques on signs and symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness. J Athl Train 1996, 31:145–152.PubMedCentralPubMed 7. Zainuddin Z, Newton M, Sacco P, Nosaka K: Effects of massage on delayed-onset muscle soreness, swelling, and recovery of muscle function. J Athl Train 2005, 40:174–180.PubMedCentralPubMed 8.

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