The frames are often designed carefully based on the strong-column-weak-beam concept and their joints detailed accordingly. Sometimes, though, the
detailing is inadequate (example, RC joints designed to earlier codes have insufficient lateral resistance). Web-bonded FRP (fibre reinforced plastic) is one of the few possible strengthening methods that can be used when an inadequately detailed joint is damaged causing severe degradation of the joint’s structural strength. In this paper, the results of some tests on FRP strengthened specimens are presented. The results show that the method is effective and capable of restoring or even upgrading the strength of the system. In addition, using the basic principles of equilibrium and compatibility, an analytical model is presented that simplifies the analysis and design of this strengthening scheme. Based on the model, a range of design graphs are presented for selection Cl-amidine ic50 of the type and the amount of FRP required upgrading an existing joint to a specified moment capacity and curvature ductility. Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Objectives: The purpose of this study was to give a brief review of the effectiveness of
otoacoustic emissions for selleck inhibitor getting frequency-specific information about a hearing-loss problem in newborns after hearing screening. Especially, the advantages of distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) over transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) are described. Data Sources: Approximately 186 ears of 104 children aged between 76 days and 15 years and 436 ears of adults with normal
hearing and sensory hearing loss. Methods: Extrapolated DPOAE I/O-functions at frequencies between 1.5 and 6 kHz were obtained in the children for assessing the hearing loss and for differentiating VS-4718 supplier between a transitory sound-conductive hearing loss and a persisting cochlear hearing loss. For getting information on the test time needed, measurements were performed in the adult patients. Results: DPOAE thresholds derived from extrapolated DPOAE I/O-functions (DPOAE audiograms) are closely related to behavior audiometric thresholds and can be used for determining characteristic quantities of the cochlear-impaired ear. A DPOAE audiogram can be obtained in a couple of minutes. DPOAE audiograms are able to reveal a transitory sound-conductive hearing loss because of Eustachian tube dysfunction and/or amniotic fluid in the tympanic cavity or to confirm a persisting cochlear hearing loss because of outer hair cell impairment in babies with a reference result in newborn hearing screening. Conclusion: DPOAE audiograms provide a tool for a fast automated frequency-specific and quantitative evaluation of a mild or moderate hearing in follow-up diagnosis.