The plate was MAPK inhibitor incubated for 1 h at 37°C. After several washes, anti-MAC

antibody (100 μL/well at 1 : 1500 dilutions in PBS-T) was added. The plate was incubated for 2 h at room temperature. Wells were washed several times with PBS-T followed by the addition of 100 μL of goat anti-rabbit IgG–HRP conjugate (1 : 1500 dilutions). The plate was incubated at room temperature for 90 min. The unbound conjugate was removed, and the wells were washed. Freshly prepared OPD (100 μL/well) was added and incubated for 5–10 min. The reaction was stopped by adding 100 μL of 2·5 m H2SO4. The absorbance was measured at 490 nm. Purified H.c-C3BP was subjected to SDS-PAGE and lightly stained with Coomassie Blue. The gel region around the 14-kDa-stained band was excised with a clean blade and transferred to a 1·5-mL microcentrifuge tube. The gel slice was washed with autoclaved distilled water and sent for mass spectrometry analysis

to TCGA, New Delhi (India), and Prof. Anil Jaiswal, Department of Pharmacology, University this website of Maryland (USA). The enzyme activity was measured by established protocol [19] with minor modifications. The final concentrations of reagents added to cuvettes were as follows: 0·1 m Tris-HCl/0·5 mm EDTA (pH 8·0), 10 mm MgCl2, 0·2 mm NADH, 2 mm ATP, five units of phosphoglycerate kinase, making the final volume to 1 mL. The test sample also had 3-phosphoglyceric acid. The amount of H.c-C3BP and GAPDH added was 1 μg and 1·25 μg, respectively. The decrease in the optical density of the test is measured against that Janus kinase (JAK) of the blank at 340 nm at room temperature for 10–20 min. A blank assay was carried out to ascertain any residual GAPDH activity in PG kinase used. Buffer was substituted for protein in blank as well as test mixture, and the optical density of the test was measured against the blank.

The blank reading was subtracted from the absorbance of the test substance. The enzyme activity was calculated taking the change in absorbance at 340 nm from the initial linear readings. The cDNA sequence of H. contortus GAPDH was retracted from NCBI and used for primer designing. The primers were designed using Gene Tool and DNAStar softwares. EcoR1 (GAATTC) and Hind III (AAGCTT) restriction sites were included at the 5′ ends of the forward and reverse primers, respectively. Standard PCR conditions were used with an annealing temperature of 45°C. Alkaline lysis method was adopted for plasmid isolation. To clone in pPROEX™-HTb expression system, the plasmid and PCR product were digested with restriction enzymes and the products were gel-purified using PrepEase™ Gel Extraction kit (USB, Cleveland, OH, USA). Ligation was carried out at 22°C using T4 DNA ligase. The ligated plasmids were used to transform competent DH5α-E. coli. Plasmids were isolated from the transformed colonies and digested with restriction enzymes to check for the insert release.