We have determined the cut-off value of the NDI to detect neck pain associated with disability to be 15.\n\nThe normative score and the cut-off value of the NDI were determined. Our cut-off value is potentially useful in evaluating the therapeutic effectiveness learn more of various interventions for neck pain.”
“Purpose To assess the tolerability and outcomes of laser treatment for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) under sub-tenon anaesthetic with oral or rectal sedation

using a reliable, multidimensional, and internationally accepted tool for assessment of neonatal pain. Methods Sixty-two babies have had ROP laser treatment in our neonatal unit in the 7-year interval between 1 March 2005 and 28 February 2012; 44% (27 of the 62) were performed using sub-tenon anaesthesia. Pain scores were routinely assessed using the Neonatal Pain Agitation and Sedation Scale (N-PASS) every 10 min during

laser treatment. The outcome and requirement for re-treatment in this group was compared with that in the intravenous sedation group. Results Pain scores were available in 19 of the 27 babies treated under sub-tenon anaesthesia. The mean pain score during treatment was 2.7 (SD+/-1.7, range 0.5-6.2). There was no statistically significant correlation between the mean pain score and duration https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Adrucil(Fluorouracil).html of treatment (Spearman correlation coefficient (rho)=0.31; P=0.09), number of laser burns (rho=0.32; P=0.09), or post-menstrual age of the baby at the time of treatment (rho=0.38; P=0.052). Treatments performed under sub-tenon anaesthesia were as successful as those performed under intravenous sedation. The mean pain scores during laser treatment under sub-tenon anaesthesia in our study were lower than those previously reported during ROP screening or heel-stick procedure. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that sub-tenon anaesthesia with oral or rectal sedation provides

sufficient pain control for laser treatment for ROP without the need or risks of intravenous sedation and intubation.”
“Classical optical astronomy measures the direction of the EGFR inhibitor local plumb line on the stellar background, and is influenced by variations of the earth gravity field. Therefore, classical optical astrometry can be used to measure and study variations of plumb line. This endows classical optical astrometric technologies special significance for the interdisciplinary researches of astronomy and geoscience, and makes them irreplaceable by technologies like very long baseline interferometry, satellite laser ranging. However, classical astrometric instruments have a major drawback of low efficiency, such as the low automaticity, more operating observers, and even operative error which makes it very difficult to reduce the random observation error in some visual instruments. To overcome this drawback, we have successfully developed the digital zenith telescope prototype (DZT-1) with the aperture of 200 mm, using charge coupled device and other advanced technologies and new equipments.