024 and 0.027 after adjustment for multiple comparisons). In severe sepsis/shock due to CAP, absolute counts of no CD8-lymphocytes were significantly decreased compared with CAP and sepsis (P = 0.014 after adjustment for multiple comparisons). The rate of apoptosis of CD8-lymphocytes was significantly decreased among patients with intraabdominal infections and severe sepsis/shock compared with patients with intraabdominal infections and sepsis (P = 0.050 after adjustment for multiple comparisons).Figure 3Absolute counts and rates of apoptosis of CD4- and of CD8-lymphocytes within the first 24 hours of diagnosis among patients with sepsis in relation to the underlying infection. Patients are divided according to sepsis severity. Single asterisk denotes …Mean �� SE absolute CD4-lymphocyte count of survivors with CAP was 965.

4 �� 179.4 mm3 and of non-survivors with CAP 414.3 �� 126.9 mm3 (P = 0.019 after adjustment for multiple comparisons). Mean �� SE absolute CD8-lymphocyte count of survivors with CAP was 411.5 �� 83.5 mm3 and of non-survivors with CAP 169.0 �� 47.1 mm3 (P = 0.015 after adjustment for multiple comparisons).Absolute counts of B-lymphocytes were significantly decreased among patients with CAP and severe sepsis/shock compared with CAP and sepsis (p: 0.003 after adjustment for multiple comparisons; Figure Figure4).4). Mean �� SE absolute B-lymphocyte count of survivors with CAP was 137.1 �� 34.2 mm3 and of non-survivors with CAP 56.9 �� 17.1 mm3 (P = 0.042 after adjustment for multiple comparisons).

Figure 4Absolute counts of B-lymphocytes within the first 24 hours of diagnosis among patients with sepsis in relation to the underlying infection. Patients are divided according to sepsis severity. Double asterisks denote statistically significant differences …Characteristics of innate and adaptive immunity in relation to the implicated pathogensIn order to study if the described differences are related to the type of implicated bacterial species, groups of infections by bacterial species are defined. Results are shown in Figures Figures5,5, ,6,6, ,77 and and8.8. Regarding patients with sepsis infected by isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii expression of HLA-DR on monocytes was lower compared with patients infected by other isolates (P = 0.023 by ANOVA). Such differences were not found among patients with severe sepsis/shock (Figure (Figure5).

5). The rate of apoptosis of monocytes was lower among patients infected by A. baumannii and severe sepsis/shock compared with patients infected by A. baumannii and sepsis (P = 0.042 after adjustment for multiple comparisons).Figure 5Expression of HLA-DR on monocytes and rate of apoptosis of monocytes within the first 24 hours of diagnosis among patients with AV-951 sepsis in relation to the implicated pathogens.