Electrical modes in scanning probe microscopy (SPM) [5] have become an essential tool in characterizing the electrical properties at the surface of samples, providing spatial Selleckchem MM-102 resolution and sensitivity at the micro/nanoscale. Several methods have been developed for the measurement

of surface electrical properties and local surface potential, such as electrostatic force microscopy [2, 3] and Kelvin probe force microscopy [6, 7]. The basic principle behind these techniques [5] is applying a direct current (DC) bias between the conductive probe and the sample to facilitate the recording of variations in the electrostatic force between the probe and sample. These signals are then analyzed in order to interpret the associated surface electrical properties. Jenke {Selleck Anti-cancer Compound Library|Selleck Anticancer Compound Library|Selleck Anti-cancer Compound Library|Selleck Anticancer Compound Library|Selleckchem Anti-cancer Compound Library|Selleckchem Anticancer Compound Library|Selleckchem Anti-cancer Compound Library|Selleckchem Anticancer Compound Library|Anti-cancer Compound Library|Anticancer Compound Library|Anti-cancer Compound Library|Anticancer Compound Library|Anti-cancer Compound Library|Anticancer Compound Library|Anti-cancer Compound Library|Anticancer Compound Library|Anti-cancer Compound Library|Anticancer Compound Library|Anti-cancer Compound Library|Anticancer Compound Library|Anti-cancer Compound Library|Anticancer Compound Library|Anti-cancer Compound Library|Anticancer Compound Library|Anti-cancer Compound Library|Anticancer Compound Library|buy Anti-cancer Compound Library|Anti-cancer Compound Library ic50|Anti-cancer Compound Library price|Anti-cancer Compound Library cost|Anti-cancer Compound Library solubility dmso|Anti-cancer Compound Library purchase|Anti-cancer Compound Library manufacturer|Anti-cancer Compound Library research buy|Anti-cancer Compound Library order|Anti-cancer Compound Library mouse|Anti-cancer Compound Library chemical structure|Anti-cancer Compound Library mw|Anti-cancer Compound Library molecular weight|Anti-cancer Compound Library datasheet|Anti-cancer Compound Library supplier|Anti-cancer Compound Library in vitro|Anti-cancer Compound Library cell line|Anti-cancer Compound Library concentration|Anti-cancer Compound Library nmr|Anti-cancer Compound Library in vivo|Anti-cancer Compound Library clinical trial|Anti-cancer Compound Library cell assay|Anti-cancer Compound Library screening|Anti-cancer Compound Library high throughput|buy Anticancer Compound Library|Anticancer Compound Library ic50|Anticancer Compound Library price|Anticancer Compound Library cost|Anticancer Compound Library solubility dmso|Anticancer Compound Library purchase|Anticancer Compound Library manufacturer|Anticancer Compound Library research buy|Anticancer Compound Library order|Anticancer Compound Library chemical structure|Anticancer Compound Library datasheet|Anticancer Compound Library supplier|Anticancer Compound Library in vitro|Anticancer Compound Library cell line|Anticancer Compound Library concentration|Anticancer Compound Library clinical trial|Anticancer Compound Library cell assay|Anticancer Compound Library screening|Anticancer Compound Library high throughput|Anti-cancer Compound high throughput screening| et al. [8] used a Pt-coated Si tip with a radius

Torin 2 purchase of about 380 nm to probe the electrostatic force generated above embedded nanoelectrodes in the vertical (Z) direction. The electrostatic force acting on a grounded conductive tip within an electrostatic field can also be characterized. In this approach, the electrostatic force acting on the atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip comprises Coulombic, induced charge, and image charge forces [9–11]. However, only the Coulombic force is capable of directly revealing the electrical properties of the sample because the two other terms are the result of the AFM tip effect. Kwek et al. [10] glued a charged microparticle to an AFM cantilever to investigate the relative contributions of the Coulombic, induced charge, and image charge forces in the electrostatic force acting on the charged particle; however, the diameter of the charged particle was approximately 105 to 150 μm, which is unsuitable for measurement at the nanoscale. This paper presents a novel microscopy probe for the direct measurement of electrostatic

field (mainly Coulombic force) beside the top electrode of the parallel Rebamipide plate, at a spatial resolution of 250 nm and force resolution of 50 pN(Figure 1). The proposed probe comprises a single 210-nm Teflon nanoparticle (sTNP) attached to the vertex of an insulated Si3N4 AFM tip (sTNP tip) with charge deposited on the sTNP as an electret via contact electrification [2, 12–14]. The parallel plate condenser was fabricated by sputtering layers of Au (30-nm thick) and Ti (20-nm thick) on the top and bottom sides of a 1 × 1 cm glass slide (181 ± 0.25 μm thick). Au was used as the electrode surface and Ti as an adhesion layer. The glass slide was used as the dielectric material. The sTNP tip can be considered a point charge with which to probe the electrostatic force field beside the top electrode of the parallel plate condenser. The electrostatic force acting on the sTNP tip provides direct information related to the local electrostatic field generated in the sample.