Methods:
An asymmetric, funnel-shaped flow path was created by constricting the infrarenal AA segment of Taiwanese Lanyu mini pigs (age, 7-10 months; male and female) wrapped with an 8-mm-wide expanded polytetrafluoroethylene Teflon strip for 4 weeks (4w), 8 weeks (8w), and 12 weeks (12w) (seven pigs per group). This mimics the tortuous aneurysm neck in human AAA, which increases downstream flow-mediated stress. Significant flow disturbance resulting from moderate coarctation was indicated by a pulsatility index reduced to one third the inherent levels. Sham control pigs received Teflon wrapping without coarctation.
Results: Aneurysm characterized by progressive medial selleck screening library degeneration occurred at the terminal AA after 12w coarctation. The outer dimension enlargement of the distal AA exceeded 50% compared with that of the proximal AA at 4w, 8w, and 12w postcoarctation (sham, 1.0; 4w, 1.7 +/- 0.08; 8w, 1.5 +/- 0.09; 12w, 1.7 +/- 0.01). Lumen ratio of the distal-to-suprarenal AA increased time dependently, with 12w postcoarctation exhibiting significant increase (sham, 1.0 +/- 0.05; 4w, 1.1 +/- 0.11; 8w, 1.4 +/- 0.20; 12w, 1.5 +/- 0.09). In the distal AA, elastic lamellae exhibited fragmentation at
4w and more pronounced fragmentation with decreased density at 8w and 12w postcoarctation. Medial collagen density exhibited the trend to increase at 4w and 8w but was Ispinesib order reversed at 12w postcoarctation. Smooth muscle exhibited disarray and nuclear density decrease at 8w and 12w Adriamycin supplier postcoarctation (sham, 6966 +/- 888/mm(2); 4w, 5747 +/- 1340/mm(2); 8w, 4153 +/- 323/mm(2); 12w, 4083 +/- 465/mm(2)). Gelatin zymography revealed that matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity markedly increased at 4w postcoarctation.
Conclusions: Prolonged moderate coarctation caused regional hemodynamic stress and thereby induced degenerative AAA in the terminal AA.
(J Vasc Surg 2013;57:806-15.)”
“Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) allows for reliable quantification of global protein abundance changes. The threshold of significance for protein abundance changes depends on the experimental variation (biological and technical). This study estimates biological, technical and total variation inherent to 2-D DIGE analysis of environmental bacteria, using the model organisms “”Aromatoleum aromaticum” EbN1 and Phaeobacter gallaeciensis DSM 17395. Of both bacteria the soluble proteomes were analyzed from replicate cultures. For strains EbN1 and DSM 17395, respectively, CV revealed a total variation of below 19 and 15%, an average technical variation of 12 and 7%, and an average biological variation of 18 and 17%. Multivariate analysis of variance confirmed domination of biological over technical variance to be significant in most cases. To visualize variances, the complex protein data have been plotted with a multidimensional scaling technique.