The mechanism of action involves suppression of MA-induced apoptosis. Published by Elsevier Inc.”
“Olfactory
transport of represents an important mechanism for direct delivery of certain metals to the central nervous system (CNS). The objective of this study was to determine whether inhaled Selleck LY3009104 tungsten (W) undergoes olfactory uptake and transport to the rat brain. Male, 16-week-old, Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a single, 90-min, nose-only exposure to a (Na2WO4)-W-188 aerosol (256 mg W/m(3)). Rats had the right nostril plugged to prevent nasal deposition of W-188 on the occluded side. The left and right sides of the nose and brain, including the olfactory pathway and striatum, were sampled at 0, 1, 3, 7, and 21 days post-exposure. Gamma spectrometry (n = 7 rats/time point) was used to compare the levels of W-188 found on the left and right sides of the nose and brain and blood to determine the contribution of olfactory uptake to brain W-188 levels. Respiratory and olfactory epithelial samples from the side with the occluded nostril had significantly lower end-of-exposure 188 W levels confirming the occlusion procedure. Olfactory bulb, olfactory tract/tubercle, striatum, cerebellum, rest of brain W-188 levels paralleled blood W-188 concentrations at approximately 2-3% of
measured blood levels. Brain W-188 concentrations were highest immediately following exposure, and returned to near background concentrations within 3 days. Pifithrin �� A statistically significant difference in olfactory bulb W-188 Y-27632 concentration was seen at 3 days post-exposure. At this time, W-188 concentrations in the olfactory bulb from the side ipsilateral to the unoccluded nostril were approximately 4-fold higher than those seen in the contralateral olfactory bulb. Our data suggest that the concentration of W-188 in
the olfactory bulb remained low throughout the experiment, i.e., approximately 1-3% of the amount of tungsten seen in the olfactory epithelium suggesting that olfactory transport plays a minimal role in delivering tungsten to the rat brain. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Pentachlorophenol (PCP) (C6HCl5O) is a synthetic toxic organochloride fungicide for humans which exhibit neurotoxic properties. In the present research, we describe the potential pathways implicated in PCP-induced apoptosis in an acute model of toxicity in rat cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). In our experiments, acute exposure of CGNs to micromolar concentrations of PCP induced the transcriptional activity of genes related to the classical apoptosis pathway (caspase 3, caspase 8, Bad), oxidative stress and glutathione metabolism (glutathione peroxidase-1, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase-3 and superoxide dismutase-1), and mitogenic response (cyclin D1, cdk2, cdk4, cdkn2b). Results from Western blot also shown significative increases in the expression of cyclins D1, E and A and cdk4.