Within

Within Volasertib order 3 h the fresh weight of dead bees was only reduced by 2.3% in sunshine (from 103.5 ± 9.8 mg (mean ± SD) to 101.1 ± 9.9 mg, 8 bees, Ta = 22.8 °C, radiation = 790 W m−2), and by 0.9% in shade (from 99.7 ± 13.0 to 98.8 ± 12.9 mg, 8 bees, Ta = 18.5 °C, radiation = 180 W m−2).

Therefore, the dead bees’ heat capacity remained rather constant in our measuring periods. Relative humidity in shade was 47.2% in immediate vicinity to the bees and 39.1% about 1 m beside the water barrel (measured with 5 mm diameter miniature sensors, AHLBORN FHA646-R). Weight loss per bee equals an evaporative heat loss of 0.5 mW in sunshine and 0.2 mW in shade. A main disadvantage of dried carcasses is their strongly reduced heat capacity, which influences their reaction to convection. In insects (bees) with a weight smaller than 30–40 mg the cooling rate increases especially steep (Bishop and Armbruster, 1999). Drying bees in turbulent air at a temperature of 65 °C for

PCI-32765 supplier 26 h (until they reached a constant weight) reduced their weight from 96.4 ± 16.7 mg to 30.0 ± 5.3 mg (12 bees). This reduced their heat capacity by about 69.9% (from about 0.323 to 0.101 J °C−1, using a specific heat of 3.35 J °C−1 g−1 for biological tissues). This is much higher than the decrease in fresh carcasses within a measurement period of 3 h (2.3% in sunshine and 0.9% in shade, see above). Another disadvantage of dried bees

medroxyprogesterone is their reduced body surface area. Drying reduced the cross-sectional area by 25.6% (from 52.6 ± 3.2 to 39.1 ± 2.6 mm−2, 12 bees), mainly because of a strong shrinking and bending of the abdomen. This means a reduction of absorbed radiation of roughly 10.6 mW per bee (at 790 W m−2). In dried specimens we were not able to expand the abdomen to its original length. However, in our freshly killed bees we could do this. If one assumes a partly (50%) restoration of the dried specimens’ absorbing area, there remains a loss of about 5.3 mW per bee (at 790 W m−2). This is about 10 times the error caused by evaporative heat loss of fresh carcasses (see above). Hadley et al. (1991) demonstrated that even in a desert cicada which is able to exhibit considerable evaporative cooling at high ambient temperatures, evaporation causes just a small temperature depression (<0.4 °C) at ambient temperatures below 37.5 °C. When we integrate the evaporative heat loss of fresh carcasses in sunshine and shade into Fig. 6 by reducing the radiative heat gain (W m−2) accordingly (considering the honeybee body surface area, Woods et al., 2005), the resulting shift of the regression lines increases the Tth − Ta values at a given radiation by only about 0.1 °C. Therefore, we conclude that any evaporative temperature “error” in our dead bees is below ∼0.2 °C.

This extract has been chemically characterized to be rich in alka

This extract has been chemically characterized to be rich in alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids and chlorophyll. The antioxidant properties of alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids and phytol (obtained from breakdown of chlorophyll) from different herbal sources are used as nutritional supplements and alternative medicines in oxidative stress induced disease models ([44]; Ningappa et al., 2006 and [36]). This popular Indian spice herb check details with immense health benefits has been shown to possess prolific

antioxidant activities. The leaf extract of Murraya koenigii has been shown to provide protection against oxidative stress induced in diabetes (Arulselvan et al., 2007). Aqueous extract of this leaf has been found to be effective in providing protection against cadmium and lead induced oxidative stress in rats ( [29] and [17]). A number of in vitro ( [34] and [35]) and in vivo ( [23] and [21]) studies confirmed the free radical scavenging

potential and antioxidant activities of leaf extracts of Murraya koenigii proposing its immediate ameliorative actions in oxidative stress models. Considering the rich source of antioxidants in Cu LE, we studied the dose-dependent effect of the extract on piroxicam buy CHIR-99021 induced gastric oxidative stress and ulcer. Cu LE at 200 mg/kg BW dose maximally protected rat stomach against any oxidative damage mediated by 30 mg/kg BW dose of piroxicam. Our macroscopic and histopathological studies showed that almost no ulcerative damage occurred in rats when they were pre-treated with the antioxidant rich aqueous leaf extract. Collagen depletion, a marker for tissue disintegration and damage, was appreciably prevented on PJ34 HCl pre-treatment of piroxicam-fed rats with aqueous curry leaf extract. This is well exhibited in the confocal images of the Sirius red stained gastric tissue sections used for collagen volume determination by Image J software. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes secreted as zymogen granules called pro-MMPs. These zymogen granules are involved in extracellular matrix degradation and pro-MMP 9 and MMP-9 have been indicated

as the primary factors in extracellular matrix degradation and epithelial cell denudation in NSAID(s) induced gastric ulcers [43]. Our present study also carried out gelatin zymography to determine whether pro-MMP 9 activity altered in piroxicam treatment and if the aqueous extract mediated protection was also through inhibition of matrix degrading enzyme. Quantitative determination of the changes in pro-MM9 activity revealed that aqueous curry leaf extract pre-treatment inhibited significantly enhanced pro-MMP9 activity in piroxicam administered animals. We observed increased accumulation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyls in gastric tissues of piroxicam treated rats indicating involvement of oxidative stress.

9 °C), and the precipitation is less than 200 mm [26] The North

9 °C), and the precipitation is less than 200 mm [26]. The North China Plain has a warm, semi-humid continental monsoon climate with mean annual temperature ranging from 8 °C to 15 °C [27]. Annual precipitation is extremely variable, ranging from 300 to 1000 mm, with an average of about 500 mm selleck products in North China [28]. The main cropping system is an annual winter wheat–summer maize rotation in North China. In South China, the mean annual temperature and annual precipitation are above 15 °C

and 800 mm, respectively, and double rice cropping and rice–wheat or rice–rape rotation system dominate in South China. The experimental durations of > 5 years of CA were grouped into four categories: 1–5, 5–10, 10–15, and > 15 years. Annual crop yield data were used to compare the CA effect sizes as affected by experimental durations. To compare the differences in CA effect sizes between climate patterns, annual precipitation, mean annual temperature, and aridity indexes in the tested areas were divided into three categories each: < 400, 400–600, and > 600 mm, < 5, 5–10, and > 10 °C, and < 1, 1–1.25, and > 1.25, respectively [29]. The effect size (Li) was calculated as the natural logarithm of the response ratio (R), which is the crop yield under CA practices (NT, CTSR, and NTSR) divided

by that under CT. Studies lasting several years or seasons were represented by several observations as annual and seasonal yield, respectively, in the data set [15]. Studies were weighted by observation numbers: Wi = n where Wi is the weight for the effect Daporinad cell line size from the ith paired trial and n is the number of observations. Mean effect sizes were estimated as ∑(Li × Wi) / ∑ Wi, with Li denoting the effect size from the ith paired trial, and Wi as defined above. The data were analyzed using MetaWin 2.1 software [30]. Bias-corrected 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each mean effect size by a bootstrapping procedure (4999 iterations) [31]. To ease interpretation, the results in ln R were

back-transformed and reported as percentage changes under CA relative to CT ([R − 1] × 100). Means were considered to be significantly Oxymatrine different from one another if their 95% CIs did not overlap, and were significantly different from zero if the 95% CIs did not contain zero [31]. Positive mean effect sizes indicate an increase in crop yield caused by CA, whereas negative values indicate a decrease. The overall and actual effects of the specific CA practices are presented in Fig. 2. Taking all specific practices as an overall effect, CA significantly increased crop yield by 4.6% compared to CT (Fig. 2). However, there were large differences in specific effect sizes among the CA practices (P < 0.05). The yield gains of CTSR and NTSR were 4.9% and 6.3%, respectively, whereas there was no significant effect in NT compared to CT. The longer the experimental duration of CA, the higher was the magnitude of the increase in crop yield (P < 0.01, Fig. 2).

The results of MDS analysis showed the split in the sensory attri

The results of MDS analysis showed the split in the sensory attributes in dimension 1, reaffirming the results from the cluster analysis, and providing a better explanation of the results. Dimension 1 showed the division of the sensory attributes in all the wine samples, with appearance BIBW2992 price and odor in one cluster and flavor and overall acceptance in another one. Body acceptance was allocated in different clusters according to the sample analyzed. Dimension 2 presented a certain tendency for division of the physicochemical properties, showing that the properties related to wine density (DENS, RSG, TSG) were on

the opposite side from the visual properties

(TON, INT, OD). This result indicates that visual perception presented relevant dissimilarity Ku-0059436 in relation to the properties linked to wine density. The data from the Bordô samples were divided into two distinct clusters (Fig. 1). Etaio, Elortondo, Albisu, Gaston, Ojeda and Schlich (2008) described the influence of the phenolic compounds and color parameters on the appearance of wines. The acceptance of the appearance of the Bordô wines was correlated with the parameters of color, optical density and total phenolic content, corroborating the results of the study mentioned above. The alcohol content interfered in the odor, as described by Le Berre, Atanasova, Langlois, Etiévant, and Thomas-Danguin (2007), and the body showed an association with the total and reducing sugars, alcohol content and fixed acidity as described by Jackson (2008). The flavor was connected with the total and volatile acidity, total and residual dry extract, density and some parameters associated with the color of the wine, which, in addition, influenced the overall acceptance of the samples, since flavor and overall Tyrosine-protein kinase BLK acceptance were always allocated in the same cluster. The total and fixed

acidity positively influenced the release of the odor of the PDB wine since high acidity (low pH) enhances the release of odor due to hydrolysis of the glycosidic compounds (Baumes, 2009 and Mira de Orduña, 2010). The appearance of the PDB wine was associated with the total phenolic content, color and OD at 420 nm, a result that was expected since these physicochemical properties are connected to visual perceptions. The reducing sugar content, as well as the total and residual dry extracts enhanced the body of the wines, confirming the results obtained by Yanniotis, Kotseridis, Orfanidou, and Petraki (2007). The flavor of the PDB wine was associated with the alcohol content, which, in turn, presented additional interference in the body of wine (Jones et al., 2008 and Meillon et al., 2010).

2007), but in the Bothnian Bay it was present primarily

i

2007), but in the Bothnian Bay it was present primarily

in sheltered bays with muddy bottoms ( Leppäkoski et al. 2002). The mollusc M. arenaria, a component of the Baltic macrofauna for several hundred years, was present in all habitats, though somewhat more frequently and more numerously on vegetated bottoms. These animals were mainly small individuals no larger than 10 mm. Young M. arenaria develop on a variety of substrates; they were one of the components of the associations forming on settlement panels deployed in the Gulf of Gdańsk ( Dziubińska & Janas 2007). The adult animals, which grow to a size of 53 mm, live buried in the sediments of Puck Bay, to depths even in excess of 10 cm. The barnacle A. improvisus occurred on vascular plants and Chara spp., but being a fouling organism, it prefers a hard bottom and Mytilus edulis beds as a substrate selleck compound for settling on. The least propitious as regards colonisation, especially by native fauna, were bottom sediments covered with mats of filamentous algae. Seven of the native species and one non-indigenous species

(A. improvisus) recorded in all the other habitats were not found here. The abundance of native species was also somewhat lower here than in the other habitats. Drifting algae turning up on a sandy bottom may induce increased species diversity of benthic fauna by enhancing habitat complexity; on the other hand, they may induce hypoxia or even anoxia events in the shallow sandy bottom ( Norkko and Bonsdorff, 1996 and Norkko et al., 2000). The unstable habitat formed by algal mats is more suitable for opportunistic species, a group to which belong only a few Akt inhibitor native benthic species from the littoral zone but practically all the alien ones. Floating mats of filamentous green algae in the Curonian Lagoon were very numerously colonised by alien gammarids of Ponto-Caspian origin ( Leppäkoski et al. 2002). In summary, alien species in the Puck Lagoon,

like the native ones, prefer regions with favourable environmental conditions, e.g. a broad habitat diversity, an abundance of food and good oxygen conditions. This is in agreement with Levine (2000), who concluded that it is the Ketotifen most diverse communities that might be at the greatest risk of invasion, a situation that could have important implications for coastal ecosystem management. In the benthic associations of these habitats the greatest changes may occur as a result of the appearance of new species. In the case of Puck Bay such habitats are the vegetated and unvegetated areas of the sea bed lying just offshore. Other areas susceptible to the expansion of new species are hydroengineering structures, but these require separate study. Some authors perceive alien species as additional elements of the biota, enhancing the diversity of continually changing ecosystems. This is particularly so in the case of the geologically young Baltic Sea (Bonsdorff 2006).

3(D)) Specifically, the developmental change in mineral particle

3(D)). Specifically, the developmental change in mineral particle angle with development is similar for both LB and IF. Starting from a lower degree of misalignment (~ 60°) at 1 week (compared to ~ 110–130° for wild type mice), the decrease of angle in both anatomical regions is similar (~ 85%). A subsequent slight increase is not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Fig. 4 shows the values of ρ as a function of anatomical region see more and disease condition for all developmental ages. In the wild-type animals ( Fig. 4A dotted line), the degree of orientation in the LB (bony ridge) increased significantly with age (p < 0.01). The most significant increment in the

degree of orientation (p < 0.01) was observed between 1 week and 4 weeks in wild-type mice scapulae ( Fig. 4B). After 4 weeks of age, the degree of orientation does not increase to the same extent. In contrast, at the IF, no statistically SP600125 chemical structure significant difference in degree of orientation with age was observed (p > 0.05). In Hpr mice ( Fig. 4A dash line), in contrast, the degree of mineral crystallite orientation in both regions increases significantly (IF and LB: p < 0.01) ( Fig. 4C).

Intra-sample t-tests show that the significant increase is from 1 to 7 weeks for both regions (p < 0.01). Therefore, the difference between the LB and the IF is lost. These results showed that, in wild-type mice scapulae, the degree of orientation of the mineral crystals is greater at sites where higher muscle forces are exerted. Nintedanib cost From the histograms of degree of mineralisation (measured using micro-CT), the mean mineral concentration was plotted as a function of

age for LB (Fig. 5(A)) and IF (Fig. 5(B)), for both wild type and Hpr mice. The mean mineral concentration in wild type and Hpr mice was similar at 1 week for both the LB and the IF (Fig. 5(A)). The rate of increase in mineralisation with age was greater in wild type mice compared to Hpr mice (Fig. 5(B)) in the LB. However, in the flat infraspinous region, the rates of increase were similar for wild type and Hpr mice. The mean mineral concentration was lower at the IF compared to the LB in wild type mice at every age, and the difference became more significant (p < 0.05) with age. These variations across the scapula in wild-type mice show that increase in mineral content with age was greater at sites where higher muscle forces are exerted. From the foregoing, it is evident that our results demonstrate an association between muscular forces acting on the bone, and bone-matrix nanostructure with development in intramembranously ossified bones, and that a significant disruption of this correlation occurs under the conditions of hypomineralisation [21] and reduced muscular forces [22] observed in murine models of rickets. With scanning synchrotron SAXS [18], we were able to map microscale variations in bone nanostructure at different stages of tissue maturity.

The cells were submitted to 4 °C for 10 min, and after that, the

The cells were submitted to 4 °C for 10 min, and after that, the coverslips were removed and the slides immersed in lyses solution (containing 0.25 M NaCl, 100 mM EDTA, 10 mM Trizma base, pH 10 adjusted with 10 M NaOH, 5% DMSO and 1% Triton X-100), remaining there for 2 h, being this procedure responsible for the achievement of the nucleoid. Doxorubicin (Bergamo Ltda) (2 μg/mL) was used as a positive control. All the procedures described

above and the electrophoresis were carried out in this website the dark. Before the electrophoretic run, the slides were kept in electrophoresis solution (300 mM sodium hydroxide and 1 mM EDTA, pH 13) for 20 min at 4 °C. The electrophoretic run was programmed at 25 V and 300 mA, and the run time was fixed as 25 min. After the run, the slides were immersed in neutralization solution

(0.4 M Tris–HCl, pH 7.4) for 10 min, dried at room temperature and fixed with 100% ethanol for 3 min. The coloration was performed with ethidium bromide solution at 20 μg/mL. To that end, 100 μL of this solution was placed over each slide, protected from light, covered with a coverslip and immediately analyzed by fluorescence microscopy at 400X. Comet standards were analyzed by visual scores according to Collins et al. (1993), with minimal modifications as previously described (Marcussi et al., 2011). The cells analyzed were classified by DNA injury extent in 5 classes: class 0, without damage (damage <5%); class 1, low level of damage (5–20%); class 2, medium

level of damage (20–40%); class 3, high level of damage (40–95%) and class 4, FXR agonist totally damaged (damage> 95%). In order to perform comparative analysis, data were calculated with arbitrary units as described by Collins (2004). Data are presented as means with standard deviations (mean ± S.D.). A p value of less than 0.05 was deemed to be statistically significant (Kruskal–Wallis). Initially, cell viability tests were performed using a concentration response curve, before carrying out the micronucleus and comet Palbociclib tests, in order to determine the quantities of venoms or toxins which allowed the evaluation of the DNA damage without affecting the cell cycles or inducing cell death. The effective doses chosen were 5, 15 and 30 μg/mL. As positive control the mutagenic and antineoplastic drug Cisplatin was used (6 μg/mL). The micronucleus test indicated that BthTX-I and BthTX-II from B. jararacussu and BatxLAAO from B. atrox were potentially genotoxic as there were more than 2 MN/1000 BN cells for a mean of 6 experiments with 30 μg/mL (7.6, 8.7 and 6.6 respectively) ( Table 1), suggesting a potential genotoxic effect. Concerning the crude venoms, only B. jararacussu and B. atrox showed to be potentially genotoxic, yielding (at 30 μg/mL) an average of 6 and 7.3 MN/1000 BN cells in 6 experiments performed with lymphocytes isolated from the blood of the 6 volunteers ( Table 2). These results confirm the significance of myotoxins and LAAOs in the composition of B. jararacussu and B. atrox venom.

We therefore used it as a facultative culture component The cult

We therefore used it as a facultative culture component. The cultures developed in a stereotypical manner. After seeding, glands sealed and formed small

cysts that subsequently expanded. Many organoids initially stayed cystic. With expansion of the culture, organoids became more uniform and consisted of several buddings that surrounded a central lumen (Figure 1E). Cultures were grown for 1 year with biweekly splitting rates of 1:5 without losing any of the features described. After 3 months of culture, chromosomal metaphase spreads of 2 patients were obtained and either 15 or 6 karyograms were aligned. There was no indication of chromosomal aberrations ( Figure 1F). Organoids described here all were generated from corpus tissue. However, organoids also can be generated GDC-0068 concentration from cardia or pyloric antrum and expand similarly under the culture conditions described here (tested for 3 months). We then analyzed

the cellular composition of the organoids in the AP24534 culture condition for optimal longevity (ENRWFG_Ti). PCR indicated that the organoids expressed the stem cell marker LGR5 as well as the gastric epithelial markers mucin 5AC (MUC5AC), pepsinogen (PGC), somatostatin (SST), mucin 6 (MUC6), trefoil factor 1 (TFF1), and trefoil factor 2 (TFF2). As expected for gastric cultures, they did not express the intestinal markers mucin 2 (MUC2), caudal-type homeobox (CDX) 1 and CDX2 (Figure 2A). As expected for organoids derived from the corpus region of the stomach, the antral markers gastrin and PDX1 were not expressed according to microarray analysis comparing organoids with corpus and pyloric glands. Transcriptional profiling also indicated that markers of parietal cells and ECL cells, which Adenosine usually are present in human corpus tissue, are not expressed in the organoids (microarray available online). Histologic staining of paraffin

sections as well as immunofluorescence staining of whole organoids showed remarkable organization. MUC5AC- and MUC6-positive mucous cells divided the organoids into gland and pit domains. Although the budding structures consisted mostly of MUC6-positive mucous gland cells, the central lumen was lined with MUC5AC-positive mucous pit cells. PGC-positive chief cells and rare SST-positive enteroendocrine cells were scattered throughout the organoid (Figure 2B and C). Staining for H–K–adenosine triphosphatase was negative, confirming the absence of parietal cells ( Figure 2B). Staining (5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine) showed the presence of proliferative cells dispersed through the organoid ( Figure 2D). In the gastric mucosa, stem cells reside in the glands and produce progenitors that differentiate into pit cells as they migrate upward to the pit.4 In the mouse stomach, expression of Wnt target genes (such as Troy, Lgr5, and Axin2) occurs in a gradient with high expression in the gland bottom and no expression in the pit.

Half of the patients had T2 and half had Gleason 7 prostate cance

Half of the patients had T2 and half had Gleason 7 prostate cancer. They administered HDR in a single implant over 2 days in three fractions; four different dose schedules were evaluated (10, 10.5, 11, or 11.5 Gy). The 3- and 5-year selleck chemical biochemical control rates (nadir + 2) were 88% and 85%. There were no differences in toxicity between doses. Acute rectal toxicity was nearly all Grade 1 and acute Grade 3 urinary toxicity occurred in only 1 patient. Chronic Grade 3

urinary toxicity was <10% and no Grade 4 toxicities were recorded. The group from Offenbach Germany, lead by Zamboglou and Baltas, obtained excellent results in 718 patients using intraoperative TRUS treatment planning. The dose and fractionation schedule evolved over time (51). Protocol A (9.5 Gy × 4 in one implant), protocol B (9.5 Gy × 4

in two implants), and finally the current protocol C (11.5 Gy × 3 in three implants). The authors progressively included higher risk group cases so that for protocol C 57% of cases were intermediate- or high-risk compared with 27% in protocol A and 44% in protocol B. The median followup by protocol was 7.7 years for 141 patients (protocol A), 4.9 years for 351 patients (protocol B), and 2.1 years Linsitinib mouse for 226 patients (protocol C). The 3-year biochemical control for all patients was 95% and distant metastasis–free survival was 98%. The 5-year results were available for protocols A and B (9.5 Gy × 4). Biochemical control was 97% and 94%. There were no significant differences correlated with T score, PSA, Gleason Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II score, or risk group. Late Grade 3 GU and GI toxicities were 3.5% and 1.6%. Urinary strictures that required urethrotomy (Grade 3 GU toxicity) occurred in 1.8% and 2 patients required urinary diversion to manage urinary incontinence (Grade 4 GU toxicity). Although the followup is significantly less in protocol C, there were no apparent differences in tumor control or morbidity between

the three protocols. Ghilezan et al. (52) reported on an ultra-hypofractionated HDR monotherapy trial for low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer that accrued 100 patients. The total dose was 24 Gy for the first 50 patients (one implant, two fractions, and 6 h interfraction interval) and 27 Gy in the next 50 patients. The median followup was 17 months. There were no differences in acute or chronic toxicities between the two doses. The maximum chronic GU and GI toxicities Grade 2 or higher were ≤5% with the exception of urinary frequency/urgency, which was 16%. These symptoms resolved by 6 months in most cases (0% for the 24 Gy and 4.8% for the 27 Gy). The program was changed to two implants 2–3 weeks apart to increase the time for normal tissue repair and to shorten the time of the procedure per day by removing the same day waiting between fractions.

Especially during laparoscopic PD, exposure of SMV/PV can be perf

Especially during laparoscopic PD, exposure of SMV/PV can be performed more safely by creating an interspace between the pancreatic parenchyma and SMV/PV, which is created by pulling the pancreas away radially. After this experience, we made it a rule not to expose SMV through the hole opened in the ligament of Treitz. Our results using the current procedure were comparable with our results of open PD. One reason for this is that the operating indication for laparoscopic PD has been selleck limited to cases that did not require extended dissection of lymph

nodes or the nerve plexus. Whether extension of the indication and dissection area is possible by additional standardization and/or the learning curve is an issue in the future; however, the procedure of laparoscopic PD, which is one of the most difficult and complicated laparoscopic operations, still requires various standardizations, such as the current procedure, which can shorten the operating

time and make it safer.1, 4 and 7 Study conception and design: Honda Acquisition of data: Honda, Kurata, Okuda, Kobayashi, Sakamoto Analysis and interpretation of data: Honda Drafting of manuscript: Honda Critical revision: Honda, Takahashi “
“In the article, “The cutting edge of serrated polyps: a practical guide to approaching and managing serrated colon polyps,” by Limketkai et al (Gastrointest Endosc 2013;77:360-75), the order of authors as printed is incorrect. The correct order is: Berkeley this website N. Limketkai, MD, Dora Lam-Himlin, MD, Michael

A. Arnold, MD, Christina A. Arnold, MD “
“The cover figure from the November 2012 issue of GIE was submitted by Dr Motaz Saad, MSc, MRCP UK, Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital, filipin Kuwait, and Dr Mohamed Alboraie, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. The figure shows rosette-like diverticular lesions (Diverticulosis Rosetti) in the hepatic flexure, as shown by colonoscopy in an Iranian patient with a history of chronic constipation. “
“In “Long-term gastric plasmacytoma follow-up after helicobacter pylori eradication” (Gastrointest Endosc 2013;77:674-5) by Kimitoshi Kato et al, the 2 gamma signs should have been lambda signs: We previously described in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy a 60-year-old man with primary gastric plasmacytoma (IgM λ type)…. However, atypical plasma cells persisted at the histological level and contained monoclonal cytoplasmic IgM λ in this case. “
“Figure options Download full-size image Download high-quality image (122 K) Download as PowerPoint slide Dr. Basil Isaac Hirschowitz, a true pioneer of gastroenterology, died on January 19, 2013, at the age of 87 years.