3%) and in increasing HDL-C (+ 11.5% and + 7.9%, respectively; p=0.282). Ezetimibe had minor effects on TG (-10.4%) and HDL-C (+ 2.2%). Among patients with low HDL-C at baseline (<1.29 mmol/L[<50 mg/dL]

in GSK2126458 solubility dmso women, <1.03 mmol/L [<40 mg/dL] in men), normalization of HDL-C was observed in 52.9% with fenofibrate/ezetimibe and in 58.8% with fenofibrate, compared with 20.0% with ezetimibe. Changes in hsCRP were -25.9% with fenofibrate/ezetimibe, -27.8% with fenofibrate, and -10.2% with ezetimibe (not statistically significant). None of the treatments altered glucose metabolism parameters.

Conclusion: In patients with type IIb dyslipidemia and features of the metabolic syndrome, coadministration of fenofibrate 145 mg and ezetimibe 10 mg daily was more effective than either monotherapy in reducing LDL-C, non-HDL-C, apolipoprotein B, and cardiovascular risk ratios, and was as effective as

fenofibrate 145 mg alone in reducing TG and in increasing HDL-C in patients with low baseline HDL-C levels.”
“Study Design. A single-center, prospective, consecutive case series of patients undergoing epidural lavage before the treatment of radiculopathy due to lumbar disc herniation.

Objective. To determine whether a novel complex Autophagy inhibitor price of fibronectin and aggrecan predicts clinical response to epidural steroid injection (ESI) for the indication of radiculopathy from lumbar herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP).

Summary of Background Data. ESI for lumbar radiculopathy due to HNP is widely used despite variable effectiveness for this indication. With increased attention aimed at cost containment, it would

be beneficial to identify those in whom ESI may be helpful. There are currently no accurate diagnostic tests to predict Adriamycin mouse response to ESI in back pain and sciatica syndromes. We have previously investigated biomarkers of disc degeneration associated with radiculopathy.

Methods. We embarked to determine whether a molecular complex of fibronectin and aggrecan predicts clinical response to ESI for the indication of radiculopathy from HNP. This prospective study was conducted at a single center and included 26 patients with radiculopathic pain and magnetic resonance imaging positive for HNP, who elected ESI. Epidural lavage with physiologic saline was performed immediately before ESI. The lavage fluid was assayed for the fibronectin-aggrecan complex (FAC) by using a heterogeneous sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results were compared with the interval improvement in the physical component summary (PCS) score of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 instrument (SF-36) after injection compared with baseline.

Results. The mean improvement from baseline PCS in patients with the FAC was 22.9 (SD, 12.4) and without the complex was 0.64 (SD, 3.97; P < 0.001). Differences in total SF-36 improvement were also highly significant (P < 0.001).

Belimumab was more effective than placebo in most evaluated outcomes.

No significant differences in the safety and tolerability data were observed between the belimumab and placebo groups. No differences were observed between the rituximab and placebo groups for the efficacy outcomes or safety parameters. Extracted data from the 13 studies were pooled, allowing assessment of the safety of biologic drugs. The meta-analysis revealed a satisfactory safety profile of these agents when used for SLE treatment, as there were no significant differences between the two evaluated groups (biologic agents and placebo) for all outcomes analyzed.

Conclusion Belimumab exhibited GSK2879552 a satisfactory profile regarding efficacy, safety, and tolerability. Rituximab showed no superiority over placebo in terms of efficacy, this website despite its suitable safety profile. Biologic agents exhibited a good safety profile for SLE treatment, indicating that these agents are promising therapies and should be further investigated.”
“Background: Cancelled shock therapy (CxTx) may presage shock delivery and shorten battery longevity of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). However, it is silent and has received little attention. Remote home monitoring (HM) with continuous surveillance and automatic daily data archiving allows investigation of CxTx.

Methods and Results: We retrospectively analyzed a database

of 4,960 MK0683 recipients of HM ICD, from 2002 to 2007. Over a mean follow-up of 445 +/- 253 days, CxTx occurred in 1,392 (28%) patients, mostly as single episodes (n = 1,120). However, 142 patients (10% of patients with CxTx, 2.9% of the whole ICD population) had

>10 CxTx. CxTx was followed by shock delivery in 432 patients, in 239 (55%) of whom CxTx occurred >10 days prior to shock delivery. In 113 patients (26%), CxTx occurred in the 72-hour period preceding the shock. A single CxTx preceded the shock in 74 of these 113 patients, and only eight patients had >3 CxTx.

Conclusion: CxTx was highly prevalent in unselected ICD recipients, though the intraindividual density of episodes was low. In 2.9% of the overall population, the number of CxTx was sufficient to shorten the battery longevity. A high number of CxTx usually did not predict the delivery of shocks. (PACE 2009; 32:S42-S46)”
“A single-crystal silicon carbide (SiC) detector was used for measurements of soft x rays, electrons, and ion emission from laser-generated plasma obtained with the use of the Prague Asterix Laser System (PALS) at intensities of the order of 10(16) W/cm(2) and pulse duration of 300 ps. Measurements were performed by varying the laser intensity and the nature of the irradiated target. The spectra obtained by using the SiC detector show not only the photopeak due to UV and soft x-ray detection, but also various peaks due to the detection of energetic charged particles.

OKS data fit the Rasch partial credit model after removing items regarding limping and kneeling. Responsiveness was assessed using effect size (ES), selleck kinase inhibitor standardised response mean (SRM), and relative validity (RV).

Among 702 patients with complete

data at baseline and two follow-ups, the pain subscale of the KS (KS-P), raw-OKS, and Rasch-OKS consistently had higher levels of responsiveness than all eight SF-36 and the other KS subscales. At 6-month follow-up, Rasch-OKS had the largest ES and KS-P had the largest SRM (2.7 and 2.0, respectively). When compared to raw-OKS, the RVs of KS-P, Rasch-OKS, SF-36 bodily pain, and SF-36 physical functioning were 1.1, 0.66, 0.49, and 0.36, respectively. A similar ordering of responsiveness was observed at 24-month follow-up.

The OKS and KS-P are more responsive than most SF-36 subscales in TKR patients. Raw-OKS and Rasch-OKS have comparable responsiveness. Different responsiveness indices may give different results.”
“Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus

aureus (MRSA) is a type of Staphylococcus that is resistant to certain antibiotics, such as methicillin, oxacillin, penicillin, and amoxicillin. buy Staurosporine This nosocomial pathogen has become a great threat in hospitals globally. Up to 40% of the normal population carries S. aureus in the anterior nares, and this rate is often higher in hospitalized patients and their attendants. This case report presents a patient with serious MRSA osteomyelitis of the mandible demonstrating purulent discharge. The patient

failed to recover despite prolonged postoperative treatment IC-83 and the administration of several antibiotics. There was a resulting nonunion along with chronic MRSA infection. The treatment protocol involved a multimodal approach with parenteral clindamycin infusion, local rifampicin irrigation, and intermaxillary fixation of the jaws. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009; 107: e1-e4)”
“Metronomic chemotherapy is an anticancer strategy which uses conventional cytotoxic drugs administered at very low dose in close intervals. We have designed a phase II trial to investigate the safety and antitumor activity of the newest metronomic chemo-hormonal-therapy with daily cyclophosphamide and twice daily megestrol acetate (mCM regimen) in patients with metastatic pretreated breast cancer.

Twenty-nine pretreated post-menopausal patients with multiple metastatic sites were enrolled. Four patients had a triple negative status, nineteen a positive hormonal ER and PgR status, and three ERB-B2 over-expression. Patients received treatment with cyclophosphamide (50 mg/daily day 1-21/q28) and fractionated megestrol acetate (80 mg twice a day).

maltophilia pneumonia in these severely immunosuppressed patients.”
“Objective.

Oral sodium channel blockers have shown mixed results in randomized controlled trials despite the known importance of sodium channels in generating pain. We hypothesized that differing baseline pain qualities (e.g. “”stabbing”" vs “”dull”") might define specific subgroups responsive to intravenous (IV) lidocaine-a

potent sodium channel blocker.

Design.

A prospective cohort study of 71 patient with chronic pain suspected of being neuropathic EVP4593 datasheet were recruited between January 2003 and July 2007 and underwent lidocaine infusions at Stanford University Hospital in a single-blind nonrandomized fashion. Baseline sensory pain qualities

were measured with the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ). Pain intensity was measured with a visual analog scale (VAS).

Results.

Factor analysis demonstrated two underlying pain quality factors among SF-MPQ sensory items: a heavy pain and a stabbing pain. Baseline heavy pain quality, Selleckchem LBH589 but not stabbing quality predicted subsequent relief of pain intensity in response to lidocaine. In contrast, these factors did not predict divergent analgesic responses to placebo infusions. In response to each 1 mcg/mL increase in lidocaine plasma level, patients with high heavy pain quality drop their VAS 0.24 (95% CI 0.05-0.43) more points than those with low heavy pain quality (P < 0.013).

Conclusions.

“”Heavy”" pain quality may indentify patients with enhanced lidocaine responsiveness. LY333531 nmr Pain quality may identify subgroups among patients with suspected neuropathic pain responsive to IV lidocaine. Further investigation is warranted to validate and extend these

findings.”
“Intensive scientific research devoted in the recent years to understand the molecular mechanisms or neurodegeneration in spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are identifying new pathways and targets providing new insights and a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis in these diseases. In this consensus manuscript, the authors discuss their current views on the identified molecular processes causing or modulating the neurodegenerative phenotype in spinocerebellar ataxias with the common opinion of translating the new knowledge acquired into candidate targets for therapy. The following topics are discussed: transcription dysregulation, protein aggregation, autophagy, ion channels, the role of mitochondria, RNA toxicity, modulators of neurodegeneration and current therapeutic approaches. Overall point of consensus includes the common vision of neurodegeneration in SCAs as a multifactorial, progressive and reversible process, at least in early stages.

Serum samples obtained from the studied patients suppressed oxidative stress and release of interleukin-6 in endothelial cells maintained in in vitro culture.

Conclusion: Sulodexide reduces intravascular inflammation and suppresses inflammatory reaction in the endothelial cells; both effects are desirable in patients with peripheral vascular disease.”
“BACKGROUND Dermal substitutes have been used in Europe

since 1996 as a mean of reconstructing the dermal layer.

OBJECTIVES To introduce the dermal substitute Selleckchem Fosbretabulin as a dual-stage reconstructing procedure using the dual-layer version and as a single-stage procedure, combining the single layer with a skin graft to achieve immediate closure. Our further objective was to evaluate the persistence PD0332991 of a commercial dermal substitute in the host’s dermal layer using serial histologic studies.

MATERIALS AND METHODS The dermal substitute used

was a membrane made using a porous coprecipitate of type I bovine collagen and glycosaminoglycan organized in a three-dimensional structure that allows the host’s cell to migrate into it. It is available in a double-layer structure, covered by a silicone sheet, and in a single-layer structure without silicon.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION We describe the dermal substitute indications in dermatologic surgery and our first results with the single layer as a single-stage procedure with an 80% to 100% take rate. Our histological studies of both products show their perfect integration and the persistence of the peculiar three-dimensional structure (neodermis) 5 years from implantation of the dual-layer dermal substitute.”
“As characteristic sizes and lengths scales continue to decrease in nanostructures, CBL0137 Apoptosis inhibitor carrier scattering processes at the geometric boundaries and interfaces in nanosystems become more prevalent. These scattering events can lead to additional resistances. This paper investigates electron-boundary scattering processes by examining changes in thermoreflectance signals in thin films after short pulsed laser heating. To take electron-boundary scattering into

account, an additional scattering term is introduced into the Drude model for the complex dielectric function. Using an intraband thickness-dependent reflectance model, transient thermoreflectance data of Au films subject to intraband excitations are analyzed with the electron-boundary scattering Drude model introduced in this work. The electron-boundary scattering rate is determined from Au thermoreflectance data, showing that after short pulsed laser heating, electron-boundary scattering rates can be almost three orders of magnitude greater than the electron-electron and electron-phonon scattering rates. The scattering rates determined from the thermoreflectance data agree well with the theoretical predictions for electron- boundary scattering calculated from an electron- boundary scattering model for disordered conductors in the event of an electron-phonon nonequilibrium.

(C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background: The optimal feeding (breast milk, formula, or a combination) for infants with cystic fibrosis (CF) is unknown. Recommendations from the CF Foundation are based on limited data.

Objective: see more We compared growth and pulmonary outcomes between breastfed and formula-fed infants through the age of 2 y.

Design: A total of 103 CF infants born in 1994-2006 and diagnosed through newborn screening in Wisconsin were studied. Breastfed infants were classified by the duration of exclusive breastfeeding (ExBF). Exclusive formula-feeding (ExFM) was classified by the formula’s caloric

density (ie, standard [0.67 kcal/mL (20 kcal/oz) (ExFM20)] throughout infancy or high density [>= 0.74 kcal/mL (22 kcal/oz)

(ExFM22+)] for some duration of infancy).

Results: Fifty-three infants (51% of infants) were selleck chemicals breastfed and 50 infants (49% of infants) were ExFM. In breastfed infants, the duration of ExBF was <1 mo (53% of infants), 1-1.9 mo (21% of infants), 2-3 mo (17% of infants), and 4-9 mo (9% of infants). In ExFM infants, 23 infants (46%) received a formula with a high caloric density; approximately half (n = 13) of the ExFM infants received the formula by 6 mo of age. Proportionately more infants with pancreatic sufficiency (n = 9) were ExBF >= 1 mo (44% of infants), and none of the infants were ExFM22+, compared with infants with meconium ileus (n = 24; 13% of infants were ExBF >= 1 mo, and 38% of infants were ExFM22+) or pancreatic insufficiency (n = 70; 25% of infants were ExBF >= 1 mo, and 20% of infants were ExFM22+) (P = 0.02). In infants with pancreatic insufficiency, weight z scores

declined from birth to 6 mo (P < 0.0001) in infants who were ExBF >= 2 mo, and the number of Pseudomonas aeruginosa GSK2399872A infections through the age of 2 y was fewer in breastfed than in ExFM infants (P = 0.003) but did not differ by the duration of ExBF.

Conclusion: For infants with CF, ExBF,2 mo does not compromise growth and is associated with a respiratory benefit. Am J Clin Nutr 2011;93:1038-47.”
“Amphiphilic copolymer Pluronic F127 was used as macromolecular additive to investigate the polymorphism and thermoresponsive properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were conducted to characterize the polymorphism and morphology of PVDF/F127 blend membranes. FTIR results indicated that F127 existed stably in the blend membranes, and lower F127 concentration in the cast solution was in favor of the formation of a-crystal phase, but higher F127 concentration could promote the formation of beta- and -crystal phase in PVDF membranes.

The association between MIC levels and bacterial eradication after various PIPC/TAZ treatments was investigated. In all, 61 and 17 Japanese patients from the microbiology laboratory database with HAP and P. aeruginosa-induced bacteremia, respectively, who were treated with PIPC/TAZ (4.5 g, b.i.d., t.i.d., or q.i.d.) between 2008 and 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Pertinent clinical data were retrieved from medical records. The MIC level was determined using the microdilution method. Appropriate empirical mTOR inhibitor therapy with PIPC/TAZ was selected for all patients within 24 h of positive culture results. The microbiological effect after treatment was used to determine the

S63845 inhibitor efficacy of each PIPC/TAZ administration method. In PIPC/TAZ-treated HAP patients (4.5 g, t.i.d.), the microbiological efficacy was 93.3% (28/30) when the MIC was a parts per thousand currency sign16 mg/L, while it was 50.0 (5/9) and 0% (0/3) with MICs of 32 (p < 0.05) and 64 mg/L, respectively. In PIPC/TAZ-treated bacteremia patients (4.5 g, t.i.d. or q.i.d.), the microbiological efficacy

was 100% (11/11) when the MIC was < 16 mg/L, while it was 33.3 (1/3) and 0% (0/3) with MICs of 32 (p < 0.05) and a parts per thousand yen64 mg/L, respectively. The present CLSI susceptibility breakpoints do not necessarily predict clinical outcomes. The appropriateness evaluation of the current CLSI resistance breakpoint of PIPC/TAZ and the PK-PD breakpoint determination warrant further studies.”
“The aim of the PICASSO study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fixed-dose perindopril 10 mg/indapamide

2.5 mg in everyday medical practice. In this 3-month, open-label, observational study, outpatients with primary hypertension who did selleck compound not reach the blood pressure goal (< 140/90 mmHg) with antihypertensive treatment were enrolled if their treating physician had planned, as part of their ongoing therapy, to switch them to fixed-dose perindopril 10 mg/indapamide 2.5 mg. Blood pressure, heart rate, and metabolic parameters and – optionally – ambulatory blood pressure were measured. Data from 9257 patients were evaluated. Over the course of 3 months, mean blood pressure decreased from 159/93 mmHg to 132/80 mmHg (p < 0.001) and heart rate decreased from 79 to 73 beats/min (p < 0.001). The target blood pressure was reached by 72.7% of patients. Reductions in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), triglycerides, fasting glucose and uric acid levels were clinically significant. Blood levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), sodium and potassium remained unchanged. Beneficial changes in metabolic parameters were primarily attributed to the reduction in therapy with drugs with unfavourable metabolic profiles (thiazides and beta-blockers).

Results: Insertion of the frenulum, which was preoperatively located between the upper central incisors, migrated to the mucogingival junction as a result of using both laser systems in all patients. Only two patients required a single dose of 650 mg of paracetamol, one of either study group. CO2 laser registered improved intraoperative bleeding control results and shorter surgical times. On the other

hand, the Er,Cr:YSGG laser achieved faster healing.

Conclusions: Upper lip laser frenectomy is a simple technique that results in minimum or no postoperative swelling or pain, VS-6063 molecular weight and which involves upper lip frenulum reinsertion at the mucogingival junction. The CO2 laser offers a bloodless field and shorter surgical times compared with the Er,Cr:YSGG

laser. On the other hand, the Er,Cr:YSGG laser achieved faster wound healing.”
“The Lurcher mutant mouse is characterized by its ataxic gait and loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells and their afferents, granule cells and olivary neurons, during the first weeks of postnatal development. For the 50 years since its discovery, the heterozygous Lurcher mutant has served as an important model system for studying neuron-target interactions in the developing cerebellum and cerebellar function. The identification of the Lurcher (Lc) gene over 10 years ago as a gain-of-function mutation in the delta 2 glutamate receptor (GluR delta 2) led to extensive studies of cell death mechanisms in the Lc/+ cerebellum. The advantage of this model system is that Integrase inhibitor GluR delta 2(+) receptors and GluR delta 2 (Lc) channels are expressed predominantly in Purkinje cells, making it possible to study the effects of a well-characterized leak current in a well-defined cell type during a critical phase of neuronal development. Yet there is still controversy surrounding the mechanisms of neuronal Bindarit death in Lc/+ Purkinje cells with competing hypotheses for necrotic, apoptotic, and autophagic cell death pathways as a consequence of the excitotoxic stress caused by the GluR delta 2 (Lc) leak current. The

goal of this review is to summarize recent studies that critically test the role of various cell death pathways in Lc/+ Purkinje cell degeneration with respect to evidence for the molecular heterogeneity of Purkinje cells. We propose that the expression of putative survival factors, such as heat shock proteins, in a subset of cerebellar Purkinje cells may affect cell death pathways and account for the pattern and diverse mechanisms of Lc/+ Purkinje degeneration.”
“The chemical study of endophytic fungus of Cochliobolus led to the isolation of 10 terpenes (1-10), including one new compound named isocochlioquinone B (1). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods, including 2D NMR techniques. Compounds 5-7 showed significant neuraminidase inhibitory activity with IC(50) values of 0.79-1.75 mu M.

Results can be utilized to optimize the recovery and preservation of phenols from OMW in hydro-ethanolic mixtures. (C) 2010 Society of Chemical Industry”
“A 29-year-old woman was diagnosed with a cervico-isthmic pregnancy based on ultrasound findings at 8 weeks of gestation. At 30 weeks of gestation, placenta previa was confirmed. During cesarean section at 37 weeks, the placenta did not spontaneously detach from the uterus; therefore, we decided to leave it in the uterus to avoid major hemorrhage. Blood loss was 775 mL and a healthy infant was delivered. After the

operation, weekly methotrexate injection was initiated. Shortly after the eighth course of injection, massive Anlotinib vaginal bleeding suddenly occurred and bilateral uterine artery embolization was performed to control it. After the procedure, the retained placental tissue was removed and the patient was discharged with good general condition. Although a cervico-isthmic pregnancy constitutes a high-risk pregnancy,

fertility-sparing management without a hysterectomy or blood transfusion was possible by not removing the placenta manually during the operation.”
“BACKGROUND: Scrubbing using an organic solution instead of an aqueous solution could be a useful way to improve the removal of hydrophobic compounds. Absorption of toluene, dimethyldisulfide (DMDS) and dimethylsulfide (DMS) in an organic solution (di-2-ethylhexyladipate – DEHA), followed by biodegradation by activated Z-DEVD-FMK Apoptosis inhibitor sludge was considered, with particular attention find more to kinetic aspects. DEHA was selected for its relevance in terms of absorption capacity and absorption velocity of the selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs). After

the biodegradation step and owing to its cost, recycling of the VOC-free solvent should be considered.

RESULTS: Enhancement of VOC mass transfer from the organic to the aqueous phase due to bacterial activity was highlighted and the main driving force was found to be biosurfactant production rather than biodegradation reaction. However, the mass transfer rate between the two phases was shown to be lower than VOC biodegradation rate; hence, significant biodegradation of DMDS and toluene was recorded in a few days during batch experiments, 0.10 and 0.09 mmol respectively. Toluene showed higher biodegradation rates (about 0.05 and 0.10 mg h(-1) for DMDS and toluene), leading to higher growth rates. Contrarily, owing to its high volatility, important DMS losses were observed.

CONCLUSION: The relevance of the proposed integrated process was shown for hydrophobic VOC removal, at least for toluene and DMDS. Unfortunately, the absorbent phase was also degraded, proved by detection of by-products during analyses of the aqueous phase headspace.

“
“BACKGROUND: Chronic rejection can prevent long-term survival of organ transplants. Although the beneficial effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) in reducing graft rejection have been reported, the details of the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, especially in the context of modulating cellular infiltration and preventing vasculopathy and interstitial fibrosis.

METHODS: The therapeutic effects of the PPAR-gamma agonist, rosiglitazone., combined with anti-interleukin-5 are explored in a mouse model of MHC Class II-histoincompatible cardiac transplantation.

RESULTS: Rosiglitazone treatment

alone marginally increased long-term survival and reduced CD8 T-cell infiltration and vasculopathy in the grafts. However, there was no reduction in collagen deposition and interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and eosinophil infiltration AG-881 were increased. Anti-IL-5 antibody treatment alone reduced eosinophil infiltration and collagen deposition, but had no effect on CD8 T-cell infiltration

or vasculopathy. Combined treatment with anti-IL-5 antibody and rosiglitazone prevented graft rejection. Furthermore, rosiglitazone treatment increased CA4P manufacturer adiponectin receptor II expression in grafts and on dendritic cells and T cells in vitro. Graft survival correlated with increased expression in grafts of the inhibitory molecule PD-L1.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings obtained increase the knowledge on the mode of action of rosiglitazone in promoting the

survival of MHC Class II-mismatched cardiac transplants in which CBL0137 the CD8 T cells and eosinophils play key roles. PPAR-gamma signaling combined with IL-5 blockade prevents graft rejection. J Heart Lung Transplant 2011;30:698-706 (C) 2011 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. All rights reserved.”
“Background: Despite the substantial prevalence of alcohol use disorders (AUDs), prior research indicates that most people with AUDs never utilize either formal or informal treatment services. Several prior studies have examined the characteristics of individuals with AUDs who receive treatment; however, limited longitudinal data are available on the predictors of receiving AUD services in treatment-naive individuals with AUDs.

Methods: This study utilized data from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) to identify adults in Wave 1 who met criteria for an AUD within the last 12 months and reported no prior lifetime alcohol treatment (N = 2760). These individuals were surveyed again at Wave 2, approximately 3-4 years later (N = 2170). This study examined the Wave 1 demographic and psychiatric conditions that were associated with receipt of AUD treatment services between Waves 1 and 2.